Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum

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Curriculum 1929 and 1935

The Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum (abbreviated: IJD) is an institute of the University of Münster . His research focuses on the Judaism of the Second Temple (ie the period of about 515 v. Chr. 70 n. Chr.) And the Christian-Jewish dialogue . In the institute are lectures and seminars on the scientific discipline Jewish Studies held.

The institute was founded on the initiative of the Old Testament scholar Franz Delitzsch in 1886. Originally, the Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum - like similar institutes - wanted to promote mission to the Jews ; this is no longer a concern since the post-war period.

"Instituta Judaica"

In 1728 Johann Heinrich Callenberg founded an " Institutum Judaicum et Muhammedicum " in Halle , a center of Pietism, to promote the mission . It was not until a century and a half later that comparable institutions emerged in Germany: In 1883 the Old Testament scholar Hermann L. Strack founded such an “Institutum Judaicum” in Berlin; he was an excellent expert on Jewish literature and wrote a. a. an introduction to the Talmud (1887). His institute - a kind of special seminar - only attracted a few students.

The time of National Socialism and the Holocaust led to fundamental changes in attitudes in Germany, also in relation to Judaism. Since then, efforts of the mission to the Jews have often been classified as arrogant and kept away from institutes for the scientific research of Judaism.

In 1957 an "Institutum Judaicum" was also founded in Tübingen through the initiative of Otto Michel . Michel as leader avoided the connection with the Jewish mission and did not seek cooperation with Jewish Christians, but with Jewish scholars. The focus of research was the edition of the history of the Jewish war by Flavius ​​Josephus , which Michel carried out together with his colleague Otto Bauernfeind .

The institute founded by Delitzsch

Co-founder Franz Delitzsch
Former home of the Swedish Israel Mission in Vienna: After 1935, the teaching of the Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum was temporarily continued here.

Delitzsch and Strack are considered to be the most important Protestant researchers in the German-speaking area who were involved in research into post-biblical Judaism in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Like his student Strack in Berlin, Franz Delitzsch was committed to researching Jewish literature in Leipzig . This also included refuting anti-Semitic misjudgments. Delitzsch responded to the caricatured book Der Talmudjude (1871) by the Catholic Old Testament scholar August Rohling with a critical book that was influential in Protestant theology: Rohling's Talmudjude illuminated (1881) - due to this criticism, the book by the Catholic Rohling had little effect in the Protestant field . Rohling answered this in the same year with his book: Franz Delitzsch and the Jewish Question . Just as Delitzsch wanted to give the Christian majority population a correct picture of Judaism, he also tried, conversely, to help Jews gain access to the Christian faith. For this reason he published his translation of the New Testament into Hebrew in 1877.

Delitzsch founded the "Evangelical Lutheran Central Association for Mission under Israel" in Leipzig in 1871. In connection with this, the “Institutum Judaicum” was founded in Leipzig in 1886 with the participation of Delitzsch. His concern was to prepare candidates in theology for the missionary profession, as well as to inform those who wanted to maintain mission to the Jews in the church office about Judaism. In the argument about whether the mission should convert individuals or focus on Judaism as a whole, Johannes Müller left the institute. A special feature of the institute was that Jewish teachers also taught here from the start. Conversely, Jews were also to be informed about the Christian faith through the activities of the institute.

The name of the institute was expanded in 1890, after Delitzsch's death, in recognition of his services. Since then it has been called “Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum”. The management took over Gustaf Dalman ; He wrote a seven-volume work Work and Customs in Palestine and founded the Gustaf Dalman Institute, later named after him, in Greifswald in 1920 . From 1903 to 1935 Otto von Harling was head of the institute, which was only able to move out of its cramped conditions at Markt 2 in Leipzig in 1928 . The teachers at the institute until 1933 included Israel Kahan, Jechiel Lichtenstein, Paul Levertoff and Paul Fiebig . The number of students was rather small, and no list of students from the first fifty years has survived. Willem ten Booms Leipzig dissertation The emergence of modern racial anti-Semitism (especially in Germany) appeared in 1928 as issue 5 of the publications of the Institutum Delitzschianum in Leipzig

The IJD had to be closed in the Nazi-ruled German Reich in 1935, the library with 3,600 volumes was transferred to the library of the Reich Security Main Office in Berlin on February 11, 1938 . The head of the IJD Hans Kosmala moved to Vienna, where he was able to continue teaching in the house of the Swedish Israel Mission . After Austria was annexed to the German Reich, Kosmala emigrated to Great Britain in 1939, which ended the institute's activities for the time being. In 1948 the IJD was founded with the assistance of Karl Heinrich Rengstorf - the u. a. the Tosefta edited - newly founded at the University of Münster and incorporated into the Evangelical Theological Faculty there.

Publications

The scientific book series Schriften of the Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum has been published since 1993 (6.1 and 6.2 are often quoted from this series: edition and translation of the work On the Originality of Judaism (Contra Apionem) by Flavius ​​Josephus , published in 2008 by Folker Siegert , who headed the institute from 1996 to 2012); there are also other series: Munster Judaistic Studies , Franz Delitzsch Lectures , Jews in Westphalia .

literature

  • Karl Heinrich Rengstorf : The Delitzsch thing. Berlin, Hamburg 1967.
  • Karl Heinrich Rengstorf: 85 years of the Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum. In: Reinhard Dobbert (ed.): Testimony for Zion. Festschrift for the 100th anniversary of the Evangelical Lutheran Central Association for Mission under Israel e. V. Erlangen 1971, 30-68.
  • Paul Gerhard Aring: Christians and Jews today - and the “mission to the Jews”? History and theology of Protestant mission to the Jews in Germany, presented and examined using the example of Protestantism in central Germany. Haag + Herchen, Frankfurt am Main 1987
  • Günter Stemberger : Judaic Studies , in it section Instituta Judaica . In: TRE vol. 17, 1988, p. 293 f.
  • Eberhard Röhm , Jörg Thierfelder: Jews, Christians, Germans, Vol. 1, 1933 to 1935 . Calwer Pocket Library 8, Calwer Verlag, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-7668-3011-2 . Section The “Evangelical Lutheran Central Association for Missions under Israel” in Leipzig , pp. 297–301
  • Arnulf Baumann (ed.): On the way to Christian-Jewish conversation. 125 years of the Evangelical Lutheran Central Association for Witness and Service among Jews and Christians (= Münster Judaic Studies; 1). LIT-Verlag, Münster 1998.
  • Thomas Küttler : Controversial mission to the Jews. The Leipzig Central Association for Mission under Israel from Franz Delitzsch to Otto von Harling . Evangelical Publishing House, Leipzig 2009.

Web links

Single receipts

  1. ↑ Ralf Golling: The former Institutum Judaicum in Berlin and its library (= series of publications of the university library of the Humboldt University of Berlin 57; PDF; 11.0 MB). Berlin 1993, p. 6 f.
  2. ^ University of Tübingen: Judaicum ; Matthias Morgenstern, Reinhold Rieger (ed.): The Tübinger Institutum Judaicum. Contributions to its history and prehistory since Adolf Schlatter (= Contubernium. Tübingen contributions to the history of universities and science, 83). Stuttgart 2015.
  3. ^ Klaus Haacker : Otto Michel (1903-1993) . In: Cilliers Breytenbach, Rudolf Hoppe (Ed.): New Testament Science after 1945. Main representative of German-language exegesis in the presentation of its students . Neukirchen-Vluyn 2008, pp. 341–352, there 348 f.
  4. ↑ Michael Brenner : Prophets of the Past. Jewish historiography in the 19th and 20th centuries . Munich 2006, p. 116.
  5. ↑ Michel Weyer: No fame sheet of Methodist history. The "Jewish Question" in German Methodism . In: Daniel Heinz (ed.): Free churches and Jews in the “Third Reich” (= Church - Denomination - Religion, Vol. 54). V & R unipress, Göttingen 2011, pp. 103–126, there 110 f.
  6. ↑ Later name: "Evangelical Lutheran Central Association for Witness and Service among Jews and Christians".
  7. ^ A b Paul Gerhard Aring: Christians and Jews today , 1987, p. 221 f. A brief overview in the article Institutum Judaicum in: Evangelisches Lexikon für Theologie und Gemeinde , Vol. 2, Wuppertal, Zurich 1993, p. 959.
  8. ^ Paul Gerhard Aring: Christians and Jews today , 1987, pp. 231-235.
  9. ↑ Roland Thyes : The Pharisees. Your understanding in the mirror of Christian and Jewish research since Wellhausen and Graetz (= WUNT vol. 101). Tübingen 1997, pp. 242–245: Chap. The work of the Leipzig Institutum Judaicum from Franz Delitzsch to Gustav Dalman (1880–1902) .
  10. ^ Jewish Virtual Library via the IJD
  11. ↑ a b c Thomas Küttler: Controversial Judenmission , 2009, pp. 67–78
  12. ↑ The emergence of modern racial anti-Semitism (especially in Germany) , at DNB
  13. ↑ Volker Stolle: largely distanced from Jews. The independent Evangelical Lutheran churches and the Jews in the “Third Reich”. In: Daniel Heinz (Ed.): Free churches and Jews in the “Third Reich” (Church - Denomination - Religion; 54). V & R unipress, Göttingen 2011, pp. 215–244, there 233.
  14. ↑ Anett Krause, Cordula Reuß [Ed.]: Nazi looted goods in the Leipzig University Library: [Catalog for the exhibition in the Bibliotheca Albertina, November 27, 2011 to March 18, 2012] . Leipzig University Library, writings from the Leipzig University Library; 25, 2011, p. 66 ff.
  15. ^ Website of the Austrian Coordination Committee for Christian-Jewish Cooperation, about Hans Kosmala (1903–1981) ( Memento from October 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  16. ^ Homepage of the institute: History of the IJD ; accessed on September 2, 2013