Negoro-nuri

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Negoro jug for hot water (Birmingham Museum of Art)
The Negoro Temple in the early 19th century (from: Kii no kuni meisho zue )

As Negoro-nuri ( Jap. 根来塗 ) refers to a Japanese lacquer technique that once in Negoro Temple ( Negoro-ji old) Province Kii (now Wakayama Prefecture has been developed). For a long time this lacquer work was called Negoro-mono (Negoro things) or Negoro for short . The term Negoro-nuri (Negoro paint) did not appear until the Meiji period .

During the Kamakura period there was a schism in the Buddhist Shingon school , and a large number of monks moved from the Kōya Mountains under their leader Kakuban to the nearby Negoro Temple, which subsequently became a center the "New Shingon Teaching" developed.

Here - initially for their own needs - they made not only everyday objects such as tea and rice bowls, pots, tablets, but also ritual implements, which were coated with another layer of red lacquer after being primed with black lacquer. The wood used was robust, durable types. Although red paintwork had been known since the Heian period , the works produced in Negoro became famous for a new aesthetic effect. Because with prolonged use, the black background reappeared on cracks, chipping and rubbing. This resulted in irregular patterns which, in connection with the comparatively simple, use-oriented shapes of the objects, suited the Wabi-Sabi aesthetic that had been developing since the 12th century . Modern works achieve similar, but more controlled, ornamental effects by grinding. Even in the Kamakura period, the second, red paint was occasionally dispensed with. These works are called "Black Negoro" ( Kuro-Negoro ). Here, too, the effects of wear and tear play a role.

It is believed that the lacquer vessels were initially made by workshops in which craftsmen for wood and those for lacquer work cooperated in small groups. With the increasing demand from outside, production on a larger scale developed. After the destruction of a large part of the temple complex in 1585 by the troops of General Toyotomi Hideyoshi , most of the surviving monks and craftsmen left Negoro. Her expertise flowed into the work of other production facilities such as Kuroe (today: Kainan , Wakayama Prefecture), Wajima ( Ishikawa Prefecture ), and even Satsuma (today Kagoshima Prefecture ). Written sources on the old Negoro lacquer work have not been preserved. Excavations carried out in Negoro in 1976 brought u. a. some finds on the production sites and properties.

The production of lacquer work in the Negoro style, which is still cultivated in the wood-rich region around Negoro, declined sharply during the 20th century, regardless of various funding measures.

literature

  • Suntory Bijutsukan : Negoro nuri: Shu no sekai . Suntory Bijutsukan, Tōkyō 1979. ( 根 来 塗 朱 の 世界 )
  • Miho Museum : Shikki Negoro - Chūsei ni saita hana . Menome, Tōkyō 2013 ( 朱漆 「根 来」 - 中 世 に 咲 い た 華 ). Catalog (436 pages) for the exhibition of the same name in the Miho Museum, Shigaraki

Web links

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ This is very similar to what is used to call ceramic vessels, especially tea bowls, keshiki (literally: scenery). H. an interplay of material, shape, surface color and structure that appeals to the viewer.
  2. ↑ The excavation and its results are presented in the nearby Municipal Folklore Museum.

gallery

  • Muromachi Period Negoro Bowls (Iwade Municipal Folklore Museum, Wakayama Prefecture)

  • Japanese ink stone from the Edo period, wood frame painted in Negoro style. (Iwade Municipal Folklore Museum)

  • Negoro spoon, approx. Mid-20th century.

  • Modern negoro lacquer work