Nepenthes jamban
| Nepenthes jamban | ||||||||||||
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Nepenthes jamban , floor jug |
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| Nepenthes jamban | ||||||||||||
| Chi.C. Lee , Hernawati & Akhriadi |
Nepenthes jamban is a carnivorous plant belonging to the genus pitcher plants ( Nepenthes ). The species closely related to Nepenthes jacquelineae occurs exclusively on the Indonesian island of Sumatra .
The species was only discovered in 2005, its name refers to the striking similarity of its jugs with a toilet bowl ( jamban is the Indonesian word for toilet).
description
Nepenthes jamban is a climbing liana that can grow up to 4 meters. The always purple-red stem axis is cylindrical-angled in rosette-shaped plants and short shoots, has 1 to 1.3 centimeters long internodes and has a diameter of around 3 millimeters. The shoot axes of climbing plants measure up to 5 millimeters in diameter, their internodes reach a length of 1.8 to 5 centimeters. The plants are completely hairless with the exception of still undeveloped pitchers, the tendrils and the inflorescences, which are densely covered with short, brownish-gray hairs.
leaves
The leaves are light green on the top and pale green on the underside, sessile, leathery leaves are narrow, inverted ovoid to elliptical or slightly spatulate, 9 to 10.3 centimeters long and 2.2 to 3 centimeters wide in the rosette. At the extreme end they are pointed, the approach includes the stem axis to around three quarters. On each side of the midrib there are one or two side ribs in the outermost quarter of the blade , the pinnate-shaped nerve between them runs obliquely. The tendrils are straight and up to 13 inches long.
The leaves of climbing shoots are similar to those on the rosette, but the blades are egg-shaped to elliptical to slightly spatulate, 7 to 11 inches long and 2.6 to 3.3 inches wide. The leaf base includes the stem axis not running down from half to two thirds. The 15 to 24 centimeters long tendrils have a loop.
Pitchers
Like many pitcher plants, Nepenthes jamban forms two different pitcher shapes ( pot dimorphism ), namely ground and air pitchers . The bottom pitchers protruding from the side of the tendril are 3.5 to 5.8 inches long and 3.2 to 4.4 inches wide. The lower third of the pot is cylindrical to narrow trumpet-shaped, but above it becomes increasingly wider trumpet-shaped and laterally compressed, the pot opening is almost horizontal. The inside of the jug is completely covered with glands. On the front there are two 10 by 2 millimeter wide wing strips overgrown with around 3 millimeter long fringes. The peristome, which is up to 8 millimeters wide, is fused with the jug in the outer third and slightly curved on the inside, its ribs are around 0.7 millimeters apart on the front, they are less pronounced towards the lid and are closer to each other. Towards the inside of the can, the peristome ends in teeth around 0.5 millimeters long. The spur at the base of the lid is usually simple, occasionally forked and around 4 millimeters long. The 3.5 to 3.8 centimeters long and 0.9 to 1.3 centimeters wide lid is narrow, inverted egg-shaped and stretched horizontally over the jug opening, but bends up to 120 ° at the edges. Scattered over the underside of the lid, especially concentrated in the area around the midrib, there are small red glands and around twenty to thirty very large, crater-shaped glands measuring around 0.5 millimeters in diameter, which are located in the outermost quarter of the lid the top as clear swellings. The pitchers are yellow-orange to light red, the peristome is red.
The air cans, which are similar to the ground cans, arise from the tendril on the back. They are up to 7.5 (rarely up to 12) inches long and up to 5.2 inches wide. They widen very gradually in the lower half, but then widen suddenly. The cross-section of the pitchers is just as round as the peristome. There are no pronounced wing strips, in the lower half of the pot they are reduced to ribs. The peristome is flat, up to 6 millimeters wide and fused with the jug in the outer third. The ribs are about 1 millimeter apart and up to 0.5 millimeters in size. Towards the inside of the can, the peristome ends in teeth around 1 millimeter long. The air cans are light yellow with occasional red spots on the inside, the peristome is yellow to orange.
The spur at the base of the lid is usually simple and up to 3.5 millimeters long. The lid, which is up to 4.8 centimeters long and 0.9 centimeters wide, is the same as that of the floor jugs, but slightly longer and is stretched out at an angle of around 45 ° over the jug opening.
Flowers and fruits
Like the other species of the genus, Nepenthes jamban is diocese , that is, there are purely male and female plants. Data on female flowers are not available.
The male inflorescence is a light green, up to 18 centimeters long and 2 centimeters wide raceme . The inflorescence axis measures between 4.2 and 6.5 centimeters, the rachis 8.2 to 11.5 centimeters to the base of the grape . The terminal single flowers bearing flower stalks are 0.5 to 1.4 centimeters long. Around 1 millimeter in front of each peduncle is a thread-like, 2 to 9 millimeter long bract . The sepals are elliptical and around 3.5 millimeters long, the stamens are fused to form a 1.5 to 3 millimeter long column.
Ripe fruit clusters are grapes. The inflorescence axis measures around 5 centimeters to the base of the grape, the rhachis 3 centimeters. The fruit stalks are up to 1.4 inches long, the terminal individual fruits are 3 inches long and 0.6 inches wide. The seeds are thread-shaped and around 2 inches long.
Distribution and ecology
Nepenthes jamban is known exclusively from a single location in the province of North Sumatra in Sumatra , south of Padang Sidempuan . It thrives there terrestrially in higher montane locations in mossy forests and near the peaks in bushy vegetation.
Nepenthes bongso , Nepenthes gymnamphora and Nepenthes lingulata are also found in the same range . Nepenthes dubia shares the same habitat with Nepenthes jamban .
The liquid in the jugs is extremely viscous. In the air cans of the species, numerous large insects could regularly be found as prey, such as wasps or crickets , while small prey such as ants are rare. Extensive populations of mosquito larvae also live in the pitchers as infauna.
Systematics and botanical history
Nepenthes Jamban was first collected in April 2005 and 2006 by Ch'ien C. Lee , Hernawati and Pitra Akhriadi simultaneously with the sympatric Nepenthes lingulata first described . The specific epithet “ jamban ” is derived from the Indonesian word for “toilet, latrine” and refers to the obvious resemblance of the jugs to a toilet bowl.
Nepenthes jamban belongs to a group of species from mainly western Sumatra such as Nepenthes dubia , Nepenthes inermis , Nepenthes tenuis and Nepenthes jacquelineae . According to morphological findings, the latter species is considered the closest related species.
It is not known whether a type, known so far only from photographs by Andreas Wistuba , which is characterized by its much wider cover, represents an independent taxon or is to be associated with Nepenthes jamban .
proof
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Ch'ien C. Lee, Hernawati, Pitra Akhriadi: Two New Species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from North Sumatra . In: Blumea . Volume 51, 2006, pp. 561-568 ( online )
