Network converter
Network converters , also called glass converters , are connections that can occur together with one or more network formers in a glass . Network converters change the structure and properties of the glass. According to the classical network hypothesis of Zachariasen and Warren , these connections alone are not able to form a glass. Network converters are mostly present in the glass as oxides, provided it is an oxide glass , but are usually added to the batch as salts. In silicate glass , glass converters have the task of lowering the melting temperature of the glass (see also flux (melting) ) so that it can be produced at economically acceptable temperatures.
Network converters are:
- Barium oxide
- Calcium oxide
- Cesium oxide
- Potassium oxide
- Lithium oxide
- Sodium oxide
- Niobium oxide
- Rubidium oxide
- Strontium oxide
- Tantalum (V) oxide
- Tellurium oxide
Must be distinguished are stabilizers . They are a class that can be both network converters and network builders.