New Pedestrianism
New Pedestrianism (or NP for short ), German for example: "New pedestrian culture", is a variant of New Urbanism in urban planning. It was founded in 1999 by Michael Edward Arth , an American artist, designer, futurist and author. It addresses problems that arise in connection with New Urbanism and is an attempt to solve various social, health, energy, economic, aesthetic and environmental problems, with a special focus on reducing the role of the car and increasing pedestrian friendliness . A neighborhood or a new city that NP makes use of is called a Pedestrian Village. Pedestrian Villages can vary from being virtually car-free to arranging car driveways behind almost every home and business, but the pedestrian zone is always in front.
New Pedestrianism was proposed for Kisima Kaya , a new city in Kenya , for Tiger Bay Village, FL as a solution to the homeless problem, and for new cities and neighborhoods being built everywhere, whether as refurbishment of existing neighborhoods, infills, outskirts or entirely new Cities.
Pedestrian Villages have a higher density because the buildings can be built close to each other on car-free paths without the need for the houses to be set back far from the street, which is typical of common urban sprawl . This in turn emphasizes the building design, on peaceful and intimate public spaces and an aesthetic that is in proportion to pedestrians.
history
Like New Urbanism, New Pedestrianism has its roots in the dense, mixed-use neighborhoods that were common in the United States (and elsewhere) in and before the first quarter of the twentieth century. New Pedestrianism is based on previous urban planning experiments that focused on the separation of pedestrians and vehicles.
In some beach communities in Southern California, etc. a. Venice , California "sidewalks" were built in a few blocks near the beach around 1905. The houses were on 1-3 m wide walking areas. Narrow alleys in the rear area were intended for cars and parking. The canals in Venice were built in the same time window and also had both walkways and canals placed in front of the house.
Urban planners Ebenezer Howard and Sir Patrick Geddes had an early influence on the design of New Jersey , which was built at the dawn of the automobile age in 1929. Radburn had pedestrian precincts in the front and car access in the back in so-called cul-de-sac facilities, which advanced into large blocks with mixed use. A study by John Lansing at the University of Michigan in 1970 showed that 47% of its residents did their shopping on foot, compared to 8% in nearby common residential areas. He also found that Radburn's residents overall drove far fewer cars than in other areas. The Radburn floor plan has since been copied in various countries such as Sweden, England, New Zealand and Australia.
The San Antonio River Walk, also known as "Paseo del Rio," was laid out in 1929. In this case, the San Antonio River was regulated and transformed into a peaceful canal with lively promenades, squares, roadside cafes, restaurants, clubs, shops, hotels and other offers on both sides, which were completely separated from any car traffic. The promenades run below the streets, as Paseo del Rio is one floor below the street and the car access to the buildings is one floor above the river.
Village homes in California were founded in 1975 by Michael and Judy Corbett. The 70 acres have 225 homes and 20 apartments. Solar design and solar collectors were used to generate heat. The houses have sidewalks on one side that lead through an extensive green belt system and car driveways on the other.
Some streets in the new Florida urban development also have boardwalks in front of some of the houses.
In 2005, Arth offered New Pedestrianism as part of a solution to rebuild New Orleans .
New Pedestrianism for the Homeless
Arth suggested that a pedestrian village for the homeless in Volusia County, Fla ., Should be built as a prototype for a national solution that would cost less than what he describes as the "current patch approach to the problem." Tiger Bay Village would be virtually car-free and offer six different types of housing, ranging from multi-bed barracks in buildings that look like traditional two-story houses to Katrina cottages. There would be a lake, swimming lagoon, pool, hiking trails, community gardens, and orchard. The residents would help build and maintain the village, and it would also serve as a permanent home for people with intellectual disabilities. All needs of both short-term and long-term residents would be met on-site and the village would be on a main bus route. The proposal fueled a national debate on how to deal with the homeless, while at the same time it was derided by various sources as a "homeless resort" and a "labor camp reservation".
Films about New Pedestrianism (New Pedestrian Culture)
New Urban Cowboy : The Works of Michael E. Arth , produced in 2007, is a full-length documentary that tells the story of Arth's struggle to convert the crack slum into a pedestrian area, while at the same time explaining the philosophy of New Pedestrianism.
The Laboratories of Hercules: Modern Solutions to 12 Herculean Problems '(The Tasks of the New Hercules: Modern Solutions to the 12' Herculean Problems). With 2008 planned for publication, this full-length documentary follows the book of the same title and will address social issues related to New Pedestrianism.
Examples
Examples of Pedestrian Villages in the style of New Pedestrianism, which represent different types:
- Two Ports, California : Intended Pedestrian Pedestrian Village on Catalina Island, California. 1999.
- Paseo Del Mar, Santa Barbara, California . Pedestrian village with hidden car parking spaces below. 1999.
- Garden Village, Austin, Texas . Intended pedestrian village as a replacement for the site of the former Müller airport.
- Center of DeLands' Historic Garden District . Integrated redevelopment of an existing neighborhood 2001–2007
- Kisima Kaya, Kenya . New planned city near Nairobi, Kenya. 2006.
- Tiger Bay Village, Florida . Planned almost car-free pedestrian village as a solution for homelessness. 2007.
- Mackinac Island, Michigan . Although not primarily designed with the idea of New Pedestrianism in mind, the island of 523 inhabitants attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists every year. Motorized vehicles have not been allowed on the island since the late 19th century.
credentials
- ↑ a b c d e Michael E. Arth, The Laboratories of Hercules: Modern Solutions to 12 Herculean Problems. 2007 online edition. Labor IX: Urbanism ( Memento of the original from March 31, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ John B. Lansing, Robert W. Marans and Robert B. Zehner, Planned Residential Environments (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1970), p. 213
- ^ Village Homes
- ↑ Michael E. Arth, "New Orleans is Opportunity for Better Urban Planning," The Dayton News-Journal, Section B, October 30, 2005.
- ↑ Michael E. Arth " New Orleans Offers Chance for Better Planning ( Memento of the original of September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. "
- ↑ Michael E. Arth, “ A National Solution to Homelessness That Begins Here. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. “Orlando Sentinel, January 20, 2007
- ^ Tom Leonard, " Daytona may give vagrants their own resort. “Telegraph.co.uk, January 24, 2007
- ^ Rebbecca Mahoney, “ Homeless village or leper colony? ( Memento of the original from February 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. “Orlando Sentinel, January 20, 2007
- ↑ NewUrbanCowboy.com
- ↑ Golden Apple's Media
