Viennese School (Modern)
As Vienna School of modernity (occasionally Second Viennese School , New Viennese School or Viennese atonal school called) is in the music history of by Arnold Schoenberg (also about school Schoenberg called) in the early 20th century Vienna called emerging composers circle who had a significant influence on the development of new music .
In addition to Schönberg, his two pupils Alban Berg and Anton Webern , who took lessons from him from 1904 onwards (their and other Schönberg pupils later joined them) belonged to the inner circle . After a phase of free atonality (from 1908), Schönberg developed the so-called twelve - tone technique in the early 1920s , which his students adopted and independently modified and further developed. Schönberg was of the opinion that he had only found twelve-tone music and not invented it, since, in his opinion, it had always existed, but was only discovered by him.
Despite this innovation, which appeared radical especially for the music audience, the Viennese School saw itself in a line of tradition from the composers of the Viennese Classic to Johannes Brahms and Gustav Mahler . The processing of musical motifs and themes in the form of variation was seen as a common compositional principle of these forerunners, which was theoretically linked . This conscious continuation of the tradition distinguishes the Viennese school z. B. from the other important current in the music of the 1920s, neoclassicism , in which one attempted explicitly to differentiate oneself from the previous epoch of romanticism .
The Vienna School disintegrated in the 1930s. The key causes are likely to forced emigration Schoenberg to the US after the seizure of power by the Nazis in Germany and the Alban Berg's death his (1935). Nevertheless, she had a great influence on many composers after the Second World War.
Other personalities of the Viennese School were u. a.
- the philosopher , (music) sociologist and composer Theodor W. Adorno (student of Alban Berg)
- the composer Hanns Eisler (temporarily; pupil of Arnold Schönberg)
- the composer Hans Erich Apostel (student of Arnold Schönberg and Alban Berg)
- the composer, musicologist and Schönberg biographer Egon Wellesz
See also
literature
- René Leibowitz : Schoenberg et son école. L'étape contemporaine du langage musical. Janin, Paris 1947.
- Rudolf Stephan (Ed.): The Vienna School (= ways of research . 643). Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1989, ISBN 3-534-09597-9 (23 analytical essays on the works of Arnold Schönberg, Alban Berg, Anton Webern).
- Heinz-Klaus Metzger , Rainer Riehn (Hrsg.): Schoenberg's association for musical private performances (= music concepts. 36). Edition Text + Criticism, Munich 1984, ISBN 3-88377-170-8 (with a detailed overview of all the club's concerts).
- Carl Dahlhaus (Ed.): The Vienna School Today. Nine contributions (= publications by the Institute for New Music and Music Education, Darmstadt. 24). Schott, Mainz et al. 1983, ISBN 3-7957-1764-7 .