New Xade
| New Xade | |||
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| Coordinates | 22 ° 7 ′ S , 22 ° 25 ′ E | ||
| Basic data | |||
| Country | Botswana | ||
| Ghanzi District | |||
| ISO 3166-2 | BW-GH | ||
| Residents | 1269 (2011) | ||
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New Xade is a place that has served as a resettlement camp for San since 1997 . New Xade was home to 1,269 people, according to a 2011 census.
New Xade is located in the center of the Ghanzi District of Botswana , about 100 kilometers from the district capital Ghanzi. Xade, the place where most of the residents were relocated to New Xade, is about 70 kilometers from New Xade.
New Xade is also called Kg'oesakene ("search for life") by its residents.
Residents
Several ethnic groups live in New Xade. The largest group consists of the resettled San from the Central Kalahari Game Reserve , who are divided into the three ethnic groups G / ui (Dcuikhoe), G // ana (Dxanakhoe) and Bakgalagadi. As a result of the settlement of local companies and public institutions, a large number of Batswana now also live in New Xade. Members of the Naro-San have also settled in the settlement.
Resettlement
In 1997, as part of the country's largest relocation project, Botswana's government relocated around 1,700 San from its area in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve . Around 1,200 San were settled in the new settlement of New Xade and 500 more in Kaudwane. Further resettlements took place in 2002 and 2005.
The San were compensated for their material losses (houses, livestock, etc.) during the resettlement and were given land in New Xade. However, they received neither compensation nor a land title for the area they had previously inhabited for generations and which is important to their traditional way of life.
The Botswana government justified the relocation with the protection of natural resources and the development of the San. In particular, the government stated that the game population in the reserve must be protected and that the basic supply (water) of the San is too expensive.
However, critics accused the government of pushing ahead with the resettlement mainly because of a diamond discovery in the reserve. The costs of resettlement would also be much higher.
Legal proceedings
Numerous San sued the resettlements. In 2006, the Botswana judiciary ruled at the highest level that the resettlements were unconstitutional and that the San should be allowed to return to their traditional territory. However, to this day, many San are not allowed to enter their traditional area without proper authorization.
living conditions
In the resettlement camp, the San are unable to continue their traditional way of life. The San of New Xade are also facing other difficulties, including depression and alcoholism, which come with loss of lifestyle, as well as diseases such as HIV and tuberculosis.
Numerous human rights organizations, the United Nations and the African Human Rights Commission have expressed criticism of the Botswana government's actions.
The UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and Indigenous Peoples, James Anaya, also wrote a report on indigenous peoples in Botswana in 2010 and criticized the case, which unfortunately is exemplary of the way the Botswana government treated the San.
Personalities
- Roy Sesana , human rights activist (co-founder of " First People of Kalahari ") and recipient of the Right Livelihood Award for his work in defending the land rights of residents in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve.
- Kuela Kiema, human rights activist (board member of First Peoples Worldwide) and producer of the indigenous music album Bilo Bilo Heri.
- Jumanda Gakelebone, human rights activist and spokesman for "First People of Kalahari"
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b 2011 Census for Botswana (English), accessed on March 3, 2014.
- ↑ Basarwa not forced to relocate. In: Daily News Botswana. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
- ↑ Botswana: Government denies diamonds behind Basarwa removals. In: IRIN News. 2002, accessed March 5, 2014.
- ↑ Human rights organization criticizes resettlement. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
- ↑ Berliner Zeitung, court declares resettlement unconstitutional, 2006 , accessed on March 5, 2014.
- ↑ BBC News, Botswana Bushmen: Modern life is destroying us, 2014 , accessed March 5, 2014.
- ↑ Overview of the recent history of the San (in Botswana also Basarwa), Minority Rights Group ( Memento of the original from March 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English), accessed March 3, 2014.
- ↑ The Guardian, US embassy cables: Botswana's forced relocation of indigenous tribespeople condemned, 2011 , accessed March 3, 2014.
- ↑ United Nations Human Rights Council 2010, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people, James Anaya - The situation of indigenous peoples in Botswana , accessed on March 3, 2014.
