Ngwane National Liberatory Congress

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Ngwane National Liberatory Congress (NNLC; German about: "National Liberation Congress of Ngwane [Swaziland]") is a party founded in Swaziland in 1963 . In 1972 it was the only opposition party in Swaziland to win seats. After the ban on political parties enforced in 1973 by the absolutist ruling King Sobhuza II , their activities were forcibly stopped. Your current status is unclear.

history

The party was founded on April 12, 1963 as a split from the Swaziland Progressive Party , whose chairman, John June Nquku, appeared to be insufficiently radical. Its first chairman was Ambrose Zwane , a doctor of medicine . The party saw itself as pan-African , left-wing and opposed to traditional leaders. Several members were sent to the Kwame Nkrumah Ideological Institute in Ghana for training. The NNLC called for the future independent country to be renamed kaNgwane , but the traditionalist Imbokodvo National Movement insisted on the term Swaziland .

In the 1964 general election , which, like later elections, was carried out by majority voting, the NNLC received 9.1% of the vote, but no seat; in the 1967 election it rose to 20.2%, but again received no mandate; all seats went to the traditionalist Imbokodvo National Movement (INM). In 1972 the NNLC won three of the 24 mandates under Zwane, a spin-off led by Kingsley T. Samketti (NNLC Samketti) remained without seats. The future Prime Minister Mabandla Dlamini won one of the three mandates . The INM's attempt to challenge the citizenship of NNLC-elected MP Bhekindlela Ngwenya and have him deported was rejected by the High Court. In the following year, however, Sobhuza II had all parties banned by decree . Zwane and other members were arrested. Some of them, including Zwane, managed to escape via Mozambique to Tanzania , where President Julius Nyerere stood up for Zwane so that he could return. However, Zwane's health was weakened and could no longer play a political role.

In 1997 a leadership committee was formed, headed by Jimmy Hlophe. Ambrose Zwane died in 1998. He was succeeded by former Prime Minister Obed Dlamini . Under his leadership, the party became more conservative than the People's United Democratic Movement (PUDEMO), which serves similar groups of voters with a similar program. The NNLC boycotted the 1998 election , to which, as in all elections after 1973, parties were not allowed, but instead voted individually in the Tinkhundla . For the 2003 election , Obed Dlamini ran like all other candidates as an independent and received a mandate in the House of Assembly. Jimmy Hlophe also won a by-election in 2005 . In 2008, NNLC and PUDEMO jointly called for a boycott of the upcoming general election. In 2009 Obed Dlamini was accepted into the state advisory body Liqoqo , which was controversial within the NNLC.

In 2009, Alvit Tshubhe Dlamini led the party. In 2020, Sibongile Mazibuko is the party's president.

With three other opposition parties, the NNLC has formed the Political Party Assembly (PPA) since December 2019 , which, among other things, opposes the renaming of the English name of the country by Mswati III. going to court.

structure

The party has a women's and a youth organization.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Joshua Bheki Mzizi: Political Movements and the Challenges for Democracy in Swaziland. EISA Research Report No. 18 (PDF), accessed on December 31, 2019
  2. ↑ Matteo Grilli: Nkrumahism and African Nationalism: Ghana's Pan-African Foreign Policy in the Age of decolonization. Springer, Cham 2018, ISBN 9783319913254 , p. 303. Excerpts from books.google.de
  3. ^ Nimrod Mabuza: Swaziland's name challenged in court. Mail & Guardian dated August 28, 2018, accessed January 2, 2020
  4. ^ A b c Ronald T. Libby: The Politics of Economic Power in Southern Africa. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 2014, ISBN 9781400858828 , p. 173. Excerpts from books.google.de
  5. ↑ a b c Portrait of the party eisa.org.za (English), accessed on December 30, 2019
  6. ↑ Swaziland: Banned Opposition Gets a Seat in Parliament. allafrica.com of October 17, 2005 (English), accessed December 31, 2019
  7. ↑ Tom Lansford (Ed.): Political Handbook of the World. CQ Press, Washington, DC 2017, ISBN 9781506327150 , p. 1459. Excerpts from books.google.de
  8. ↑ Swaziland parties eisa.org.za , accessed December 30, 2019
  9. ↑ a b Kwanele Dlamini: Country's legal name is Swaziland, PPA leaders. times.co.sz of January 8, 2020, accessed January 28, 2020