Low wage (Spain)

This article describes low wages in Spain . Low wages are the remuneration of a full-time employee that is just above or below the poverty line .

Definitions

The Instituto Nacional de Estadística uses the OECD definition for the definition of low wages, i.e. a gross wage that is below two thirds of the national median gross wage of all full-time employees. The median wage is the median of the series of figures, consisting of the actually paid gross wages of all full-time employees in the country.

In addition, the neologism Mileurista (from Spanish mil euros, thousand euros ) describes a person in Spain with a monthly income of less than 1000 euros.

Size and structure of the low wage sector

In 2011, the proportion of employees who received a low wage according to the OECD definition was 15.7%. This value is below the average for the OECD countries of 16.3%.

Low-wage recipients are also often affected by in- work poverty . According to the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), 53.4% of those receiving low wages in Spain were also affected by in-work poverty in 2007. This indicator is in the bottom quarter of the EU countries. One of the reasons for this is that part-time work plays less of a role in Spain than in other countries.

An analysis of the low wage rate in Spain according to socio-demographic characteristics shows clear differences between individual groups. Lohmann gives a low wage quota of 18.3% for 2001. For men it was 13.7% and for women 25%. The difference is even bigger if you look at the age structure. In the age group from 17 to 29 years the low wage rate was 27%, between 30 and 49 years 15.2% and between 50 and 64 years 13%. A breakdown according to formal education also shows clear differences. With ISCAD 0-2 the low wage rate was 26.4%, with ISCAD 3 it was 19.7% and with ISCAD 5-7 8.4%.

Minimum wages are an instrument against low wages. These are relatively low in Spain and therefore do not prevent low wages , see minimum wage # Spain .

According to Europa Press, around 11 million Spaniards earn less than 13,500 euros a year, ie less than 1,100 euros a month. The most affected regions are, in this order: Extremadura (70%), Murcia (67%), Andalusia (64%). The least affected is Ceuta , with 45%. One consequence of the lower earnings is, among other things, the inability to emancipate oneself from the parental home, for example by moving into one's own apartment. The chance of becoming a criminal is also higher with a low income.

Mileurista

The origin of the expression mileurista can be found in 2005, when Carolina Alguacil titled a letter to the editor to the daily newspaper " el Pais " with "Yo soy mileurista" (Eng .: I am Mileurista). As a result, it spread quickly among those affected, probably because it describes a complex and often frustrating situation in an impressive and compact way. The use of the term by the writer Espido Freire has given the term additional recognition with a book of the same name. ("Cuerpo, alma y mente de la generación de los 1,000 euros", Barcelona, 2006, "Body, mind and soul of the 1,000 euros generation") She defines Mileurista as follows:

"El conjunto de españoles de entre 25 y 30 años con formación superior, que desempeñan trabajos por debajo de su capacidad, que vuelcan buena parte de sus expectativas vitales en el ocio, se interesan por la cultura en sus formas más modernas y son pasivos y protestones. "

"The entirety of Spaniards between 25 and 30 years of age with a high level of education, who take on subdued jobs, implement large parts of their life expectancy in their free time, are interested in culture in its most modern forms, and are both passive and rebellious."

literature

Michael Busch , Jan Jeskow, Rüdiger Stutz : Between precarization and protest: the life situations and generational images of young people in East and West . Transcript, 2010, ISBN 978-3-8376-1203-5 .

swell

Frank Feldmeier: Mallorca's cheap jobs: The generation of ´mileuristas´. In: Mallorca newspaper . August 28, 2008. (mallorcazeitung.es)

Individual evidence

↑ OECD Employment Outlook 2011, quoted from Arbeitsmarkt aktuell No. 06 / September 2012 of the DGB, p. 12.
↑ Alexander Goerne: A Comparative Analysis of In-Work Poverty in the European Union. In: Neil. D. Fraser (Ed.): Working poverty in Europe. 2011, ISBN 978-0-230-29010-5 , p. 22, table 2.11
↑ Eric Crettaz, Guiliano Bomodi: Worlds of Working Poverty: A Comparative Analysis of In-Work Poverty in the European Union. In: Neil. D. Fraser (Ed.): Working poverty in Europe. 2011, ISBN 978-0-230-29010-5 , p. 66.
^ Henning Lohmann: Poverty of the working population in European welfare states. 2007, ISBN 978-3-531-15745-0 , p. 150 ff. (ECHP 2001 is named as the data source)
↑ Kyra A. Kietrys, Montserrat Linares: Women in the Spanish Novel Today. Essays on the Reflection of Self in the Works of Three Generations . McFarland, 2009, ISBN 978-0-7864-5319-1 , p. 206.

[1] OECD Employment Outlook 2011, quoted from Arbeitsmarkt aktuell No. 06 / September 2012 of the DGB, p. 12.

[2] Alexander Goerne: A Comparative Analysis of In-Work Poverty in the European Union. In: Neil. D. Fraser (Ed.): Working poverty in Europe. 2011, ISBN 978-0-230-29010-5 , p. 22, table 2.11

[3] Eric Crettaz, Guiliano Bomodi: Worlds of Working Poverty: A Comparative Analysis of In-Work Poverty in the European Union. In: Neil. D. Fraser (Ed.): Working poverty in Europe. 2011, ISBN 978-0-230-29010-5 , p. 66.

[4] Henning Lohmann: Poverty of the working population in European welfare states. 2007, ISBN 978-3-531-15745-0 , p. 150 ff. (ECHP 2001 is named as the data source)

[5] Kyra A. Kietrys, Montserrat Linares: Women in the Spanish Novel Today. Essays on the Reflection of Self in the Works of Three Generations . McFarland, 2009, ISBN 978-0-7864-5319-1 , p. 206.