Nikephoros account Stephanos

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Nikephoros Kontostephanos ( Middle Greek Νικηφόρος Κοντοστέφανος ; † after 1216) was a Byzantine Dux and alleged separatist in Asia Minor after the fall of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade .

Life

There are only a few reliable facts about the person of Nikephoros, as well as about his origins within the influential family of the Kontostephanoi . According to the files of the Johannes monastery on the island of Patmos , he was with Emperor Alexios III. (1195-1203) flipped; most likely he was a brother of Andronikos Kontostephanos , the early deceased first husband of Alexios III. eldest daughter Irene . From Alexios III. he was used in 1197 as Dux of Crete . On the mainland of Asia Minor , the Kontostephanoi had extensive holdings in the valley of the Great Meander . Nikephoros must have sought refuge there after the fall of the emperor in July 1203, at the latest after the conquest of Constantinople by the Crusaders in April 1204.

Similar to other powerful magnates and provincial governors of the region such as Theodoros Mankaphas and Sabbas Asidenos , Nikephoros Kontostephanos apparently also used the power vacuum created by the crusade to establish a quasi-independent rule on the meander. At the end of 1205 or beginning of 1206, however, he too was forced to recognize the sovereignty of the Nikaia Empire as the most important Byzantine successor state in Asia Minor . For this, Emperor Theodor I. Laskaris awarded him the title of Sebastokrator (Vice Emperor ), which until then had been reserved for close relatives of the reigning emperor and which Sabbas Asidenos had received in return for his formal submission.

The last time Nikephoros was mentioned was in February 1216 in a document from a monastery in the Latmos Mountains .

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literature

  • Michael Angold: A Byzantine Government in Exile. Government and Society under the Laskarids of Nicaea, 1204-1261 . Oxford University Press, London 1975, ISBN 0-19-821854-0 , p. 61.
  • Charles M. Brand: Byzantium confronts the West, 1180-1204. Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA 1968, ISBN 0-81-431764-2 , p. 148.
  • Jean-Claude Cheynet: Pouvoir et contestations à Byzance (963-1210) (= Publications de la Sorbonne. Series Byzantina Sorbonensia. Vol. 9). Reimpression. Publications de la Sorbonne Center de Recherches d'Histoire et de Civilization Byzantines, Paris 1996, ISBN 2-85944-168-5 , p. 155 No. 221
  • Franz Dölger : Regest of the imperial documents of the Eastern Roman Empire from 565-1453. Part 3, Volume 3: Regesten from 1204–1282 (= corpus of Greek documents from the Middle Ages and modern times. Row A: Regesten. Dept. 1, Part 3, Vol. 3). 2nd edition revised by Peter Wirth . CH Beck, Munich 1977, ISBN 3-406-00738-4 , p. 10 No. 1694, 1695.
  • Божидар Ферјанчић: Севастократори у Византији . In: Зборник радова Византолошког института . Vol. 11, 1968, ISSN  0584-9888 , pp. 141-192 ( PDF file; 4.0 MB ), here: pp. 171-173.
  • Michael F. Hendy: Catalog of the Byzantine coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection . Vol. 4: Alexius I to Michael VIII, 1081-1261 , Part 2: The Emperors of Nicaea and Their Contemporaries (1204-1261) . Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington DC 1999, ISBN 0-88402-233-1 , p. 451.
  • Alexander P. Kazhdan (Ed.): The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium . Oxford University Press, New York NY 1991, ISBN 0-19-504652-8 , p. 1149.
  • Dimitri Korobeinikov: A sultan in Constantinople: the feasts of Ghiyath al-Din Kay-Khusraw I . In: Leslie Brubaker, Kalliroe Linardou (eds.): Eat, Drink, and be Merry (Luke 12:19): Food and Wine in Byzantium. Papers of the 37th Annual Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, in Honor of Professor AAM Bryer (= Publications of the Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies [Great Britain]. Vol. 13). Ashgate, Aldershot 2007, ISBN 978-0-7546-6119-1 , pp. 93-108, here: p. 105.
  • Dimitri Korobeinikov: Byzantium and the Turks in the Thirteenth Century. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2014, ISBN 978-0-19-870826-1 , p. 65.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ See Cheynet, Pouvoir , p. 155.
  2. ↑ See Brand, Byzantium , p. 148; ODB p. 1149.
  3. ↑ See Korobeinikov, Sultan , p. 105 FN 67.
  4. ↑ See Cheynet, Pouvoir , p. 155.
  5. ↑ See Ферјанчић, Севастократори , p. 173.
  6. ↑ Cf. Dölger, Regesten , No. 1694 f.
personal data
SURNAME Nikephoros account Stephanos
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Νικηφόρος Κοντοστέφανος (Middle Greek)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Byzantine Dux of Crete, alleged separatist in Asia Minor, Sebastocrator under Emperor Theodor I. Laskaris
DATE OF BIRTH 12th Century
DATE OF DEATH after 1216