Non-responders

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A non-responder (from English non = "not" and to respond = "answer", "react", German non- responder ) is a test person or patient who responds to a certain procedure (e.g. a certain drug , a specific operation ) does not respond or does not respond as expected.

After a vaccination one speaks of a non-responder ("vaccination failure") if the vaccinee does not develop any antibodies or does not produce enough antibodies after a correctly given vaccination (e.g. when vaccinated against rubella or hepatitis B ). 5–10% of those vaccinated are vaccine failures because of the vaccine used or their genetic predisposition. The vaccination result can be improved by the administration of interleukin-2 , since IL-2 stimulates the T-cell help for the antibody-producing B-lymphocytes .

Non-responders for hepatitis B.

About 3–5% of people vaccinated against hepatitis B develop no or far too few antibodies after the first vaccination . This can be determined by a blood test in the laboratory after about a month. If the antibody titer (anti-HBs) is measured below 10 IU / l after primary immunization, one is considered a non-responder without reliable vaccination against hepatitis B.

Come on as a way forward

  • Re-vaccination with the same or double dose (only recommended in individual cases)
  • Combination vaccination with other vaccines (e.g. against hepatitis A or influenza ) or
  • longer waiting in question.

In most cases, vaccination protection can be built up in this way. After three vaccinations, around 50–75% of previous non-responders have built up protection. In rare cases, further vaccinations could build up a certain degree of protection, but are usually no longer carried out.

Non-responders in vulnerable occupations (e.g. hospital employees) should be particularly careful. In addition to gloves, glasses or face protection can also be worn. However, should contact with infectious material occur, there is the option of passive immunization with immunoglobulins within six hours of the accident .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Eiko-E. Petersen: Infections in Gynecology and Obstetrics: Textbook and Atlas . 5th edition. Georg Thieme Verlag, Freiburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-13-158065-8 , p. 338 ( google.com [accessed May 2, 2019]).
  2. ↑ Margret Oethinger: Microbiology and Immunology: Short textbook for GK 2; with 76 tables . Elsevier, Urban and Fischer, 2004, ISBN 978-3-437-42781-7 , pp. 275 .
  3. ↑ Does an existing or past infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) have to be excluded before the hepatitis B vaccination? RKI, February 22, 2018, accessed on August 22, 2019 .
  4. ↑ rki.de , Standing Vaccination Commission.
  5. ↑ dbfk.de ( Memento of November 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 72 kB), German Professional Association for Nursing Professions.