Nopiming Provincial Park
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Nopiming Provincial Park
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| location | Manitoba (Canada) | |
| surface | 1429 km² | |
| WDPA ID | 555516044 | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 40 ′ N , 95 ° 18 ′ W | |
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| Setup date | 1976 | |
| administration | Manitoba parks | |
The Nopiming Provincial Park is a 1429 km² provincial park in the southeast of the Canadian province of Manitoba . The name is derived from the Anishinabe word nopiming , which translates as “entrance to the wilderness”.
The nature park was established in 1976 and serves to preserve the flora and fauna of a rocky landscape typical of an area of the Boreal Shield . This area known as Lac Seul Upland is the remnant of a 2.5 billion year old mountain range. The most important lakes used by canoeists today are Seagrim Lake , the stretch from Rabbit River to Cole Lake , Bird River to Elbow Lake , Manigotagan River , Long Lake to Caribou Landing and Beresford Lake to Garner Lake or to Long Lake. A longer distance of manigotagan river provides between Caribou Landing and the place Manigotagan .
The Whiteshell Provincial Park connects to the south, the Atikaki Provincial Wilderness Park to the north, and the Woodland Caribou Provincial Park, which is already in Ontario, to the northeast .
The entire region, which consists of provincial parks and traditional territories of the First Nations located in the border area between Ontario and Manitoba , was put on the UNESCO tentative list for recognition as World Heritage in 2004 by the Canadian government . To this end, the Ontario-based Pikangikum First Nation and the Manitoba First Nations from the Poplar River (on Lake Winnipeg ), Pauingassi and Little Grand Rapids have joined forces. Woodland Caribou Provincial Park, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Manitoba Conservation are also part of the initiative . The First Nations of Ontario the Wabaseemoong, the Grassy Narrows and Lac Seul are in turn partners of the Woodland Caribou Park.
Flora and fauna
The area was covered in ice until about 10,000 years ago. When it melted, Lake Agassiz was created , which also shaped the park landscape. Poplars, birches and various conifers such as Banks pine ("jack pine"), black spruce and white spruce followed the lichens that were initially drawn in. There were also alder , hazel and Vermont maple ( Acer spicatum ).
Common among the larger mammals are the timber wolf , black bear, elk, white-tailed deer, and woodland caribou ( Rangifer tarandus caribou ). Recently, pumas (called "cougars") have been sighted again.
history
Early history
Human traces can be found from around 6000 BC. Prove. A copper processing facility dates from around 2000 BC. Around 500 AD, pottery can be identified that were made from local clay. They have traces of decoration.
Tools were also made from local material, a stone known as 'white quartz'. Other stones were brought in from South Dakota and the Lake Superior area , suggesting widespread barter. The residents were hunters, gatherers and fishermen.
Around 1800 most of the area east of Lake Winnipeg was occupied by the Anishinabe . Today their descendants live mainly on the eastern shore of the lake. They were from the Sault Ste area. Marie and ousted older Cree groups, whose legends tell of a two-day battle. The Anishinabe or Ojibwa fished mainly in the spring and summer at the estuaries. In autumn they went up the rivers and often collected wild rice , hunted elk and caribou. The main purpose of making clothes and blankets was hunting beavers and muskrats .
Gold digger (1911–1937)
In 1911, trappers Duncan Twohearts came to Rice Lake with his dog sled and discovered gold. Alexandre Desautels secured the first claims, more prospectors poured into the area of the Wanipigow River and the later Nopiming Park. But the gold was stuck in the rock and could not be sifted out of the water, as on the Klondike or in California . Sole prospectors did not have enough capital to handle the difficult gold extraction, so mining companies stepped in.
The first was the Central Manitoba Mine , 4 miles north of Long Lake. She worked on five gold veins in parallel. In the winter of 1926/1927 she brought heavy equipment to Manigotagan, then continued on horses on a winter road. A route from Long Lake to the Great Falls was created over a length of 70 km. The reservoir created there supplied the electricity; the steam-powered machines were gradually replaced by electric ones.
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In the summer it went over the Manigotagan River via 30 portage points in the direction of the claims. This difficult route was gradually abandoned after a few years in 1922. Now they branched off from Government Landing and followed, first by horse and cart, then by truck, the Caribou Road to Caribou Landing. The mine employed 125 men alone. The Central was operated from 1927 to 1937 and produced 4,537 kg of gold and 738 kg of silver. Although gold and silver were only mined for a relatively short time, in the end the infrastructure was ready to mine more minerals. This is how the Gunnar Mines on Beresford Lake and the San Antonio Mine near Bissett were built.
Forest caribou, exhibition
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At Black Lake is the Caribou of Nopiming , which offers an exhibition on the small forest caribou herd, which is under strict protection, similar to the small herds of the Atikaki – Berens range, which are known as Atiko, Bloodvein, Round and Berens. According to initial assumptions, the Owl Lake herd consisted of around 50 to 60 animals.
Forest caribou prefer forests that are more than 60 years old. The area inhabited by the small herd dates back to an extensive forest fire in 1929. In view of the severe threat to the herd's existence, the Eastern Manitoba Woodland Caribou Advisory Committee was set up in 1994 to advise and negotiate government agencies, logging companies, First Nations and non-governmental organizations . At the same time, research and monitoring should be promoted as the basis for a protection plan. The committee extended its activities to the Atikaki – Berens range and its four small herds. In 2006 the size of the herds was estimated at 300 to 500 animals. In 2007 the Atiko herd could be counted to 60 animals. The bloodvein subpopulation was estimated to be at least 50 animals. The size of the two northern herds is difficult to determine. The Berens herd comprised at least 103 animals in November 2008.
Estimates based on caribou equipped with transmitters (24 in 2011) found that the Owl Lake herd observed since 1974 had hardly changed in number. In the 2011 report, a minimum population of 62 animals was given, the total herd is estimated at around 70 specimens. The herd moves north of the Winnipeg River and south and west of Highway 304, in Nopiming Provincial Park to the extreme northwest of Ontario, where, however, only a few animals stayed briefly. Overall, their habitat covers an area of more than 1240 km², although this area previously comprised more than 1620 km². In 2009, the provincial government banned logging in all provincial parks except Duck Mountain Provincial Park . The areas known as back country , where the animals calve, are now also protected, but not all of these areas are known. To protect the herd, the advancement of the white-tailed deer into the area of the caribou herd should be prevented. a. to prevent parasite infestation.
Trapper Johnson's Hut
One of the few remaining cabins is Trapper Johnson's Cabin on the Beresford Lake campground. After the gold diggers abandoned their settlement on the lake, the trapper John Jack Johnson was the only one to stay there.
Web links
Remarks
- ^ Atikaki / Woodland Caribou / Accord First Nations (Pimachiowin Aki). UNESCO - World Heritage Committee , October 1, 2004, accessed December 31, 2014 .
- ↑ Map of the intended area and the traditional territories of the surrounding First Nations
- ↑ SD Anderson: Detailed geological mapping of the Rice Lake mine trend, southeastern Manitoba (part of NTS 52M4): stratigraphic setting of gold mineralization , in: Report of Activities 2011, Manitoba Innovation, Energy and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, p. 94 -110 (PDF).
- ↑ Action Plans for Boreal Woodland Caribou Ranges in Manitoba (Rangifer tarandus caribou) , p. 13.