Banks pine

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Banks pine
A young Pinus banksiana

A young Pinus banksiana

Systematics
Class : Coniferopsida
Order : Conifers (Coniferales)
Family : Pine family (Pinaceae)
Subfamily : Pinoideae
Genre : Pine ( Pinus )
Type : Banks pine
Scientific name
Pinus banksiana
Lamb.

The jack pine ( Pinus banksiana ) is a plant from the genus of pine trees ( Pinus ) within the family of the Pinaceae (Pinaceae). It is common in North America .

description

Trunk with bark
Branch with needles and cones
Illustration plate 136
Male flowers
The following important information is missing from this article or section:
most characteristics are only marginally described or not at all
Help Wikipedia by researching and pasting it .

Vegetative characteristics

The Banks pine is a medium-sized tree and reaches heights of 9 to 22 meters, but some specimens are only bush-like. It usually does not just grow straight, but forms an irregular treetop with age .

There are two twisted needles together. The 2 to 4 centimeters long needles are pale yellowish green.

Generative characteristics

The cones are 3 to 5 centimeters in size and provided with thorny scales, whereby these spines get lost until they are mature and the cones are then smooth. Unusually for pines, the cones protrude in the direction of growth of the branch or are twisted around them. This is how you can easily distinguish them from the coastal pines.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.

ecology

Its spreading strategy is adapted to forest fires: its cones remain closed for years and the scales only spread to open after exposure to heat ( serotine spreading strategy ). After a fire, the seed falls on the bare ground , when the old tree can no longer survive or the population has been reduced.

Aging stands often thin out and fallen needles accelerate the acidification of the soil. In the shrub layer they are therefore often associated with blueberries . It often forms pure stands on sandy or rocky soils .

Banks pine populations are the breeding habitat of the endangered Michigan warbler in the very limited area of ​​its occurrence on the Michigan Lower Peninsula .

Distribution area

Occurrence and endangerment

Pinus banksiana is a boreal to subarctic flora element . The natural range of Pinus banksiana extends in North America east of the Rocky Mountains from the Canadian provinces Northwest Territories , Ontario , Québec , New Brunswick , Manitoba , British Columbia , Saskatchewan , Alberta to Nova Scotia and in the US states New Hampshire , Wisconsin , New York , Michigan , Minnesota , Maine to Indiana . Its southern limit of distribution is northwest Indiana.

Since this species is so widespread, Pinus banksiana is rated in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as “Least Concern” = “not endangered”.

Systematics

The first description of Pinus banksiana was in 1803 by Aylmer Bourke Lambert in A Description of the Genus Pinus , 1, page 7, plate 3. Synonyms for Pinus banksiana Lamb. are: Pinus divaricata (Aiton) Dum.Cours. , Pinus hudsonica Poir. , Pinus rupestris Michx.f. and Pinus sylvestris var. divaricata Aiton .

In the extreme west of the distribution area of Pinus banksiana there is a hybridization with the closely related coastal pine ( Pinus contorta ).

Common names

Common English names are: Jack Pine, Black Pine, Hudson Bay Pine.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Pinus banksiana at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ↑ a b Pinus banksiana at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  3. ↑ a b c d Pinus banksiana in the Red List of Threatened Species of IUCN 2019-1. Listed by: A. Farjon, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2019.

Web links

Commons : Banks pine ( Pinus banksiana )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files