Noronha olive tyrant

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Noronha olive tyrant
Elaenia ridleyana - Noronha elaenia.jpg

Noronha olive tyrant ( Elaenia ridleyana )

Systematics
Subordination : Screeching Birds (Tyranni)
Family : Tyrants (Tyrannidae)
Subfamily : Elaeniinae
Tribe : Elaeniini
Genre : Elaenia
Type : Noronha olive tyrant
Scientific name
Elaenia ridleyana
( Sharpe , 1888)

The Noronha olive tyrant ( Elaenia ridleyana ) is a species of bird in the tyrant family . It is endemic to the Brazilian Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, making it the easternmost range of all types of tyrant. He is a resident . The species epithet honors the British botanist Henry Nicholas Ridley , who studied the flora and fauna on Fernando de Noronha during a research expedition in 1887 .

features

The Noronha olive tyrant reaches a size of 17 centimeters. The sexes look the same. The predominantly olive-brown head has a slight hood-like appearance. The top is uniformly dark grayish-olive. The wings and tail are somber. There are three white wing bands. The throat is grayish. On the chest, the color changes into a dark olive-gray and contrasts sharply with the yellowish-colored belly and the under tail-covers. The iris is dark brown. The beak is black with a light flesh colored base on the lower mandible. The legs are black. The juvenile birds have not yet been described. The voice consists of different vocalizations that contain short, strong “thiu-thiu-thiu” calls and monotonous “uuu-uuu-uuu” whistles.

A very similar species is the gray-breasted olive tyrant ( Elaenia spectabilis ), from which the Noronha olive tyrant differs in its smaller body size, longer beak and shorter tail.

Distribution area

The Noronha olive tyrant has a small distribution area of ​​18 km². Its occurrence is limited to the main island of Fernando de Noronha and the neighboring island of Ilha Rata. In addition to the Noronha olive tyrant , there are two other endemic land birds on Fernando de Noronha, the Noronha cattail dove ( Zenaida auriculata noronha ) and the narrow- billed vireo ( Vireo gracilirostris ).

Habitat and way of life

The Noronha olive tyrant inhabits dry woodlands, open forests, bushland or thickets in the vicinity of houses. Its diet consists of insects and small fruits, especially the species Ficus noronhae . The breeding season is probably between February and May. The nest is cup-shaped and has a diameter of 8 centimeters. It is made from the vines of cucurbits ( Cucurbitaceae built) and fine branches and the bare branches of trees of the genera Sapium , Erythrina or Anacardium placed. The nest is padded with the woolly down of the Gonolobus micranthus seeds.

literature

  • Del Hoyo, J .; Elliot, A. & Christie D. (Editors) (2004): Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 9: Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails . Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-87334-69-5 .

Web links