Nucleus nervi facialis

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The nucleus [motorius] nervi facialis is a paired core area ( nucleus ) for the motor part of the nervus facialis . The motor parts of the facial nerve innervate (“supply”) the entire facial muscles , the stylohyoid muscle , the posterior part (venter posterior) of the digastric muscle and the stapedius muscle .

The special visceromotor nucleus nervi facialis lies in the rear part of the bridge hood ( tegmentum pontis ), lateral and ventral to the nucleus nervi abducentis . It can be subdivided into a pars lateralis , medialis and intermedia, each of which can be assigned to certain parts of the facial muscles, according to another division, an upper and lower cell group are differentiated. In animal anatomy, a pars lateralis , medialis , intermedia , ventrolateralis and ventromedialis are distinguished. The nerve fibers emanating from the nucleus nervi facialis initially form the “inner facial knee ” ( genu nervi facialis ), which surrounds the abducens core dorsally.

The core area receives controlling afferents from the upper centers of the motor system ( motor cortex , especially the primary motor cortex) , from the motor centers of the brain stem and the spinal cord. The voluntary control of facial expressions is mediated by the motor cortex via the corticonuclear tract , which reaches the hindbrain via the internal capsule and the cerebrum . The unconscious (emotional) facial processes are controlled via indirect projections from the limbic system . The lateral parts of the reticular format in the brain stem have a modulating effect.

The parts of the facial nucleus for the forehead muscles are connected to both halves of the face, while the remaining facial muscles are only innervated by the mutual (contralateral) nucleus. In the case of central facial paralysis , i.e. damage in the area of ​​the nucleus or more centrally located neurons (e.g. in the internal capsule), there is only a loss of facial expression in the lower half of the face. In Millard-Gubler syndrome , a circulatory disorder in the brainstem also damages the facial nucleus.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ TH Schiebler: Anatomy: Histology, history of development, macroscopic and microscopic anatomy, topography . 9th edition. Springer, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-540-26525-2 , pp. 747 .
  2. ^ A b Hans Frick, Helmut Leonhardt, Dietrich Starck: Special anatomy . tape 2 . Georg Thieme, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 978-3-13-356904-0 , p. 293 .
  3. ↑ Farhang Samandari: Functional anatomy of the cranial nerves and the vegetative nervous system for physicians and dentists . 2nd Edition. Walter de Gruyter, 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-088466-1 , p. 51 .
  4. ↑ a b Friedrich Paulsen, Tobias M. Böckers, Jens Waschke: Sobotta Anatomy Textbook . Elsevier Health Sciences, 2018, ISBN 978-0-7206-7617-4 , pp. 698 .
  5. ↑ Alexander de Lahunta, Eric N. Glass, Marc Kent: Veterinary Neuroanatomy and Clinical Neurology . 4th edition. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2014, ISBN 978-1-4557-4857-0 , pp. 38 .
  6. ↑ WG Forssmann, C. Heym: Neuroanatomie . 3. Edition. Springer, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-662-00550-7 , pp. 173 .
  7. ↑ Fabian Rengier: BASICS anatomy - pathways . 2nd Edition. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2019, ISBN 978-3-437-09620-4 , pp. 85 .
  8. ↑ Bernfried Leiber (founder): The clinical syndromes. Syndromes, sequences and symptom complexes. Ed .: G. Burg, J. Kunze, D. Pongratz, PG Scheurlen, A. Schinzel, J. Spranger. 7., completely reworked. Edition. Volume 2: Symptoms. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich et al. 1990, ISBN 3-541-01727-9 .