Moss cups

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Moss cups
Common moss cup (Octospora humosa)

Common moss cup ( Octospora humosa )

Systematics
Department : Ascomycota mushrooms
Subdivision : Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina)
Class : Pezizomycetes
Order : Cuplets (Pezizales)
Family : Fire pillow relatives (Pyronemataceae)
Genre : Moss cups
Scientific name
Octospora
Hedwig

The Moosbecherlinge ( Octospora ) are a genus of the real hose mushrooms from the family of the fire pillow relatives (Pyronemataceae).

features

The moss cuplings are usually found in close proximity to or directly on mosses with which they are associated. Their apothecia are cup-shaped or goblet-shaped with a typical hyphae structure at the edges: The excipulum is usually made up of intertwined hyphae that become parallel towards the edge. Some species are vividly colored. The species of the genus Neottiella , some of which belong to the Moosbecherlingen group, have thick-walled, colorless hair, Octospora s. st. however not. The asci are usually eight pores. The ascospores can be smooth or warty.

ecology

The moss cuplings live bryophilically , i. i.e. they live together with mosses. Very often they are species-specific, such as the common moss cup on Polytrichum piliferum . Parasitism has been proven in many of them . The non-moss-dwelling species were from Octospora. split off and described as new genera (Kotlabaea), but also recently non-moss-bound species that belong to Octospora have been identified. belong. Perry et al. (2007) conclude from their study that in the course of evolution the moss society either originated once and then was given up again twice, or else it originated twice independently and was given up once again. The species of the genus Octospora are very host-specific, knowledge of the infected moss is important for the correct identification of the species.

Systematics

Although the genus of the Moosbecherlinge ( Octospora ) was described very early, namely in 1789 by Johannes Hedwig , it is still not clearly delimited. There are a multitude of synonyms and attempts to split them into several genres. According to more recent phylogenetic studies, Octospora belongs together with the closely related, also bryophilic genera Neottiella and Lamprospora to clade 4 within the Pyronemataceae. The clade includes all moss-parasitic genera in the family. Neottiella and Lamprospora are put to Octospora by some authors , but at least Lamprospora is clearly different. Octospora and Neottiella are not monophyletic , which makes the reallocation into two groups likely in the near future. One subclade has smooth spores, while the second subclade , which is close to Lamprospora , has ornamented spores.

species

The exact number of species is unknown as the genus boundary is currently in flux. Index fungorum lists 130 valid names, but many species are a noun dubium . Yao and Spooner (1996) give 12 species for Great Britain (including Neottiella species). The Austrian mushroom database lists the following species:

literature

  • YJ Yao, BM Sponner: Notes on British species of Octospora . In: Mycol. Res. 100, 1996, pp. 175-178.
  • A. Bollmann, A. Gminder, P. Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms. 4th edition. Genre CD, Black Forest Mushroom Teaching Show, Hornberg 2007, ISSN  0932-920X .

Web links

Commons : Moosbecherlinge ( Octospora )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • H. Jahn: (Octospora humosa (Fr.) Dennis) - a cup mushroom as a characteristic of the north-west German silver grass corridors. In: Westphalian mushroom letters. Volume 5, p. 39ff. ( online ; PDF; 212 kB)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ H. Jahn: (Octospora humosa (Fr.) Dennis) - a cup mushroom as a characteristic of the northwest German silver grass fields. (PDF; 212 kB) In: Westfälische Mushroom Letters. Volume 5, p. 39ff.
  2. ↑ P. Döbbeler: Investigations on moss-parasitic Pezizales from the relationship of "Octospora". In: Nova Hedwigia. 31, 1980, pp. 817-864.
  3. ↑ D. Benkert: Bryoparasitic Pezizales: Ecology and Systematics. In: DN Pegler, L. Boddy, B. Ing, PM Kirk (Eds.): Fungi of Europe: Investigation and Conservation. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 1993, pp. 147-156.
  4. ↑ KB Khare: Descriptions of and comments on some species of Octospora and Kotlabaea (Pezizales, Humariaceae). In: Nova Hedwigia. 77, 2003, pp. 445-485.
  5. ↑ a b c B. A. Perry, K. Hansen, DH Pfister: A phylogenetic overview of the family Pyronemataceae (Ascomycota, Pezizales). In: Mycological research. Volume 111, Pt 5, May 2007, pp. 549-571, doi: 10.1016 / j.mycres.2007.03.014 . PMID 17572335 (Review).
  6. ↑ Index Fungorum (accessed March 26, 2010)
  7. ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria