Open construction (building law)
The construction method regulates the relationship between a building and the property's lateral boundaries. The legal basis is Section 22 of the Building Use Ordinance (BauNVO). Then there are two basic variants: the open and the closed construction . In the open construction method , the buildings are erected with a lateral boundary distance; in the closed construction method, they are erected without a lateral boundary distance. The construction method is specified in the development plan. Section 22 (4) of the BauNVO also allows the municipality to specify a construction method that deviates from this.
In the case of the open construction, the following house forms are distinguished:
- Detached house: A building that is free-standing on all sides with a gap to the side and rear property boundaries. For example, it can be a single-family house , a tenement house or a building complex . The decisive factor for the assignment is that the building is located on a single plot of land.
- Semi-detached house : Two buildings on neighboring plots are joined together to form a unit at the common property boundary. The two houses will be structurally coordinated.
- House group : Consists of at least three adjoining houses ( e.g. terraced houses ), each of which is located on its own piece of land. The house group as a whole must keep a distance to the neighboring borders at the head ends.
All three house forms must not exceed a total length of 50 meters each.
If the building plots are not within a development plan, the buildability is regulated by Section 34 Paragraph 1 Clause 1 BauGB . The buildings must then also blend in with the surrounding area in terms of the prevailing construction method.
Advantages of single houses
- Since there are no common walls between neighbors, there is no direct noise or noise pollution from the neighbors.
- Fires are more difficult to spread from one house to another.
- Natural lighting of the interior is possible from all sides, thus allowing greater planning flexibility when creating the floor plan.
- Houses can be surrounded on all sides by a connected garden .
- The prefabricated house industry can appear on the entire European market with just a few house types.
Disadvantages of single houses
- A disadvantage of single houses in the open construction method is the increased space requirement due to the lateral spacing surfaces and the higher development costs compared to the closed construction method .
- Urban sprawl is favored by the more intensive space required by an open construction method .
- Under certain circumstances, the privacy in the visible garden is reduced and there is increased noise and exhaust emissions due to a poor separation of public and private space. However, these impairments also depend on other structural and topographical factors.
- Due to the larger surface in relation to the building volume, the thermal insulation must be stronger compared to the terraced house.
Individual evidence
- ^ Stadtportal Hamburg, Authority for Urban Development and Environment: Instructions for the preparation of development plans. ( Memento of the original from June 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Section 06: Construction (PDF file; 243 kB) .
- ↑ Building Directorate in the Office of the Lower Austrian State Government ( Memento of the original from March 12, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
