Official Development Assistance

The Official Development Assistance or Official Development Assistance (short ODA ) includes providing financial ( FZ ), technical ( TZ ) and human services ( PZ ) in the context of public development cooperation as defined by the Development Assistance Committee ( DAC ) of the Organization for economic cooperation and development ( OECD ).

definition

The Official Development Assistance is defined as a grant in the form of grants and loans to the developing countries of the so-called DAC list , which:

• awarded by the public sector;
• serve primarily to promote economic development and improve living conditions; and
• are provided with preferential conditions, which in the case of loans means that these funds must have a grant element of at least 25% (non-delivery financing).

This definition was developed by the Development Assistance Committee in 1972 and is largely unchanged to this day. However, additional costs were recognized as Official Development Assistance in the following years. For example, administrative costs of the donor country since 1979, costs for university places for students from the recipient country in the donor country from 1984 and costs for refugees in the first year of their stay from the 1980s. The latter option has only been used on a larger scale since 1991. Debt relief can also be recognized as Official Development Assistance. The waiver of loans for military purposes was recognized on the initiative of the USA from 1990 to 1992, but afterwards counted as other public benefits .

statistics

The OECD publishes annual statistics that show the financial volume of a country's Official Development Assistance as a percentage of gross national income (GNI). Since 2003, ODA has also included new peacekeeping and security activities as well as certain debt cancellations for developing countries .

For the years 2004, 2011 and 2015 the OECD published the following figures:

country		ODA 2004 (US $ billion)	Share of GNI (%)	ODA 2011 (US $ billion)	Share of GNI (%)	ODA 2015 (US $ billion)	Share of GNI (%)
1	United States	19.0	0.16	30.92	0.20	31.08	0.15
2	United Kingdom	7.8	0.36	13.93	0.56	18.70	0.67
3	Germany	7.5	0.28	14.09	0.39	17.78	0.49
	European Union	-	-	-	-	13.85
4th	Japan	8.9	0.19	10.83	0.18	10.40	0.21
5	France	8.5	0.42	13.00	0.46	9.23	0.36
6th	Sweden	2.7	0.77	5.60	1.02	7.09	1.36
7th	Netherlands	4.2	0.74	6.34	0.75	5.81	0.76
8th	Canada	-	-	5.46	0.32	4.29	0.25
9	Norway	-	-	4.93	1.00	4.28	1.14
10	Italy	-	-	4.33	0.20	3.84	0.21
11	Switzerland	-	-	3.08	0.45	3.54	0.68
12	Australia	-	-	4.98	0.34	3.22	0.26
13	Denmark	-	-	2.93	0.85	2.57	0.90
14th	South Korea	-	-	1.33	0.12	1.91	0.09
15th	Belgium	-	-	2.81	0.54	1.89	0.40
16	Spain	-	-	4.17	0.29	1.60	0.12
17th	Finland	-	-	1.41	0.53	1.29	0.55
18th	Austria	-	-	1.11	0.27	1.21	0.31
19th	Ireland	-	-	0.91	0.51	0.72	0.22
20th	Poland	-	-	-	-	0.44	0.09
20th	New Zealand	-	-	0.42	0.28	0.44	0.20
22nd	Luxembourg	-	-	0.41	0.97	0.36	0.61
23	Portugal	-	-	0.71	0.31	0.31	0.15
24	Greece	-	-	0.43	0.15	0.28	0.13
25th	Czech Republic	-	-	-	-	0.20	0.10
26th	Slovakia	-	-	-	-	0.09	0.10
27	Slovenia	-	-	-	-	0.06	0.12
28	Iceland	-	-	-	-	0.04	0.20

Together, the DAC provided ODA of US $ 134.04 billion in 2011, which corresponds to 0.31% of the GNI of all DACs. The promise made by the industrialized countries in 1970 before the UN General Assembly to spend at least 0.7% of GNI on development aid is being kept by only five countries.

literature

• Hans-Rimbert Hemmer : Economic Problems of the Developing Countries . 3rd edition. Verlag Vahlen, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-8006-2836-8 , p. 934 ff.

Web links

• History of ODA (pdf) (222 kB)
• Current ODA figures

Footnotes

1. ↑ Hans-Rimbert Hemmer, Economic Problems of Developing Countries , 2002, pp. 934–935
2. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated December 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
3. ↑ 2015 Preliminary ODA Figures. OECD, accessed September 30, 2018 .