Oleg Sergeevič Grebenščikov

Oleg Sergeevič Grebenščikov ( Russian Олег Сергеевич Гребенщиков , Oleg Sergeyevich Grebenshchikov * July 11 ^{. Jul} / July 24, 1905 ^greg. In Pärnu , then Governorate of Livonia today Estonia ; † 1980 in Moscow ) was a Russian-Yugoslav ballet dancer, songwriter, geographer , Geobotanist, forest scientist and botanist, whose scientific field of work was the ecology of the high mountains of the Caucasus and the Balkan Peninsula ( Dinarides , Macedonia ). After the October Revolution he spent his youth in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia ), where he also began his academic career, as he also received ballet training there and became a soloist and ensemble member in the Serbian National Theater from 1924 to 1946 and there also held the position of ballet master and composer.

Oleg Sergeevič Grebenščikov held Yugoslav citizenship until the end of the Second World War, which he then exchanged for the Soviet one.

He graduated from the University of Belgrade with a degree in forest sciences in 1930 . In 1957 he received a doctorate in biology and in 1970 a doctorate in geography. Grebenščikov also studied harmony, composition and counterpoint in music with Stevan Hristić, among others .

In the Serbian National Ballet

Oleg Sergeevič Grebenščikov spent his school days in Belgrade, where he graduated from the Russian-Serbian high school in 1923. Grebenščikov attended the ballet school of Jelena Poljakova in Belgrade at the end of the 1920s and was accepted into the ensemble of the ballet company of the Serbian National Theater. He first appeared on the stage of the Serbian National Theater in 1925. He had his first performance in the Polowetz Dances in the dance choir of the Russian National Opera Prince Igor by Alexander Porfirjewitsch Borodin . Grebenščikov was one of the leading male dancers in his time at the National Theater and appeared in particular in choreographies by Michel Fokine . Classics such as Ludwig Minkus Don Quichotte , Adolphe Adams Giselle , Stravinsky's and Vaslav Nijinsky's Petruschka , Léo Delibes Coppélia , Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Sleeping Beauty , The Nutcracker and Swan Lake , Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov's Scheherazade and others were established in his time at the Scheherazade . He also appeared in Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Francesca da Rimini and in the divertissement In the Ballet Lesson by Joseph Lanner and Johann Strauss . In 1928, among others, the legendary prima ballerina of the Ballets Russes and most important partner Vaslav Nijinskys Tamara Karsawina visited Belgrade and the company and became friends with Grebenščikov.

Scientific activity

After completing his studies as a forest engineer in 1930, he found a job in the botanical department of the Belgrade Natural History Museum . During the German occupation of Yugoslavia, Grebenščikov took part in the people's war against the Nazi rule and the occupation regime. 1953 to 1956 he became director of the Geobotanical Institute at the Academy in Bratislava in what was then Czechoslovakia . From 1956 he lived again in his homeland in Moscow and was employed at the Geobotanical Institute for Forest Sciences. In 1966 he became a research associate at the Geography Institute at the Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Soviet Union . He wrote his doctoral thesis in 1970 on the vegetation-geographic conditions of the Balkan Peninsula (Экологo-географические закономерности в строении растительного покрова покого прокрова Балвроан Балвогoан Балвогoан Балвогoан Балвогoан.

Between 1930 and 1937 Grebenščikov toured almost all of Yugoslavia (Macedonia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Montenegro, Dalmatia and Serbia), Greece (Olymp, Parnassus, Peloponnese, Chalkidiki, Corfu, Kephalonia, Crete) and Albania. On the basis of these research trips he acquired a general overview of the botanical geography of the Balkan Peninsula, its floristic inventory, and its phytocenological conditions. A fund of 8,000 herbarium specimens from Grebenščikov was bequeathed to the Belgrade Natural History Museum.

Grebenščikov described the exemplary vegetation levels of the Stara Planina , Orjen and the Korab Mountains . He also published plant sociological tables for the first two mountains. Among other things, he was the first to find subalpine Greek maple forests on the Stara Planina . Since the Caucasian maple, regarded as a subspecies of the Greek maple, inhabits comparable ecological locations in the Caucasus, it was able to use these for comparisons of the altitude levels in the eastern circum-Mediterranean mountains.

Grebenščikov's general geobotanical achievement lies in his comparative studies and analyzes of the high mountain ecology of the Caucasus, the Balkan Peninsula and the Alps. His publications on climatic geographic and geomorphological causes in the height zoning and distribution of plant communities and species have shown differences and similarities in comparative comparisons of subtropical-temperate high mountains in Eurasia.

Musical creation

Grebenščikov's musical oeuvre often deals with themes from Yugoslav folk music. His works are: Uverture of the song by Gaiavate (?) (Гайавате) (after Longfellow - Bunin, 1936), Symphonic Scherzo (1940), Momačko kolo, Serbian dance (сербский танец), Kalamat'janos (Каламатено, dance of the Greek.) Shepherds (танец греческих горцев) (1941), Four Indonesian dances for ballet (4 индонезийских танца для балета) (1946), (1946), two, Japanese dances (19) Санец Санец Санец Санец, the dance of St. John with the Санецанцанцанцанских Сан Сане головой Иоанна) (1948), Kassandra (Кассандра), choreographic scene after Friedrich Schiller (хореографич. сцена по Ф. Шиллеру) (1948), м3м мана (1958); м3мнаа (Фернта 1958); String orchestra - Колыбельная (1940); For quartet (для квартета дерев), Montenegrin pastoral fantasy (Черногорская пасторальная фантазия) (1966); Three Greek dances for clarinet and piano (для кларнета с ф-п. 3 греческих танца) (1960), Sonata Fantasy (Соната-фантазия) (1965), rapsody on a Serbian theme (1971) (семе песо Риде пнсо 1971); For lull (для флейты с ф-п.) - Krishna plays the lull (Кришна играет на флейте) (1969); Trio (трио) (1935); Poem (для влч. С ф-п. - Поэма) (1964); Three Preludes (для ф-п. - 3 прелюдии) (1929), Elegy (Элегия) (1929), Sea (Море) (1930), Velebit March (Марш Велебит) (1931), rapsody on the Macedonian theme (макекона макекона македид темы) (1958), Prelude (Прелюдия) (1970); For soprano romance with the stars according to N. Belavinoj (для сопрано с ф-п. - романсы Мы к звездам шли) (сл. Н. Белавиной, 1941); Music for a performance in the Belgrade National Theater (музыка к спектаклям Народного театра в Белграде); Orchestral works (оркестровки).

Fonts

• OS Grebenščikov, O .: O vegetaciji centralnog dela Stare Planine. In: Srpska Akademija Nauka, Zbornik radova, Institut za ekologiju i biogeografiju , 1: 1-36. Belgrade 1950
• OS Grebenščikov: The Vegetation of the Kotor Bay seaboard (Crna Gora, Yugoslavia) and some comparative studies with the Caucasian seaboard of the Black sea (Растительность побережий Которской бусиской бусиской бусиской бусито) (кеережий бусиской бусиской бусито) (Череногосито). In: Bjuleten Moskovkova Prirodi, Otd. Biologii T. Volume LXV, No. 6, Moskva 1960, pp. 99-108 (Russian).
• OS Grebenščikov: Ecological-geographic regularities in the structure of the plant cover of the Balkan Peninsula. In: Izvestija Akademii Nauk SSSR / Serija geografičeskaja , July 4 – August, pp. 19–35, Moscow 1972
• OS Grebenschikov & RP Zimina: Natural ecosystems and vertical belts. In: France-Soviet Geographical Symposium 'Alps-Caucasus' : Guide of the Caucasus (Symposium materials), pp. 8-12. Institute of Geography of the Scientific Academy of the USSR, Moscow-Tbilisi, 1974 (Russian)
• OS Grebenschikov, YA Isakov, RP Zimina, DN Panfilov: Les ecosystems naturelles et leur etagernent dans le Caucasus. In: Revue de Geographie Alpine, Vol. 69, № 2, 333-352, Grenoble 1975 (online: PDF)
• OS Grebenščikov: Vegetation structure in the high mountains of the Balkan peninsula and the Caucasus, USSR. In: Arctic and Alpine Research. Volume 10, No. 2, 1978, pp. 441-447 (online: JSTOR)
• OS Grebenščikov & Paul Ozenda : Principaux traits de ressemblance et de différence de la couverture végétale. In: Revue de Geographie Alpine, Vol. 62, № 2, 169-190, Grenoble 1981 (online: PDF)

Web links

• Biographical page on Oleg Sergeevič Grebenščikov with family album
• Pictures from the family album with recordings from the ballet time in Belgrade
• Autobiography of Oleg Sergeević Grebenščikovs Краткая автобиография О.С. Гребенщикова (как композитора-музыканта)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Ljiljana Misic: Oleg Sergeevič Grebenščikov. In: Cedomir Popov (ed.): Srpski biografski recnik. Volume 2, V-G, Novi Sad 2006, p. 802
2. ↑ List of roles in which Grebenščikov appeared in Belgrade between 1924 and 1946
3. ↑ Autobiographical testimony
4. ↑ online: academic.ru