Onuphidae
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Onuphis elegans (Johnson, 1901) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Onuphidae | ||||||||||||
| Kinberg , 1865 |
Onuphidae is the name of a family of small to very large, mostly tube-building polychaete (Polychaeta), the worldwide Spreading in seas and feed on small animals, algae and carrion.
features
The multi-bristle of the family Onuphidae have up to 1000 segments and are a few millimeters to 3 m long. The segmented body is not divided into larger sections, but the parapodia of the foremost segments are longer, differently oriented with different lobes and arrangements of the bristles, in which they differ from the parapodia of the remaining segments. Characteristic for the family are five sensory processes that sit on the rounded prostomium on ringed ceratophores and have a smooth stalk distally: 3 antennae and two palps . In addition, there is a pair of small dorsal front lips on the prostomium. On the belly side is a pair of large, bulbous upper lips. Most species of the Onuphidae have eyes. The peristomium consists of a single footless ring on which, in some species, two peristomial cirruses sit dorsally.
The parapodia of the first 2 to 8 segments, modified in different ways, are specialized for digging, locomotion and tube building and have finger-shaped cirrus ventrally, while the unchanged parapodia on the remaining segments are glandular. Dorsal cirrus is formed at least on the anterior segments, but may be absent on the posterior ones.
The filaments of the gills are, if present, simple, comb-like, dichotomously branched or arranged spirally. The neuropodia consist only of a dorsal cirrus in which aciculae can be embedded. The modified parapodiums can carry simple or seemingly compound hooks. Edged and comb-like bristles may be present or absent. There are two or four cirrus at the pygidium.
The jaws consist of ventral, unfused mandibles and dorsal, aragonite- mineralized maxillae, which are composed of a pair of short beams and 3 to 5 serrated plates on the right and 4 to 6 serrated plates on the left. Like most large polychaete have the belonging to the species Onuphidae Diopatra cuprea and Diopatra neapolitana in their closed vascular system to bind the oxygen as blood pigment hemoglobin , which releases in the blood is released and not bound to blood cells.
Distribution and way of life
The Onuphidae are found in seas around the world. Most species form living tubes from deposited mucus and substrate particles, which are usually attached to the substrate. Some species - including some in the Australian genus Australonuphis - move around. The Onuphidae feed on small animals, algae and carrion as omnivores .
Genera
The Onuphidae family is divided into 23 genera :
- Dualgenys Courtinat, 1998
- Hyalinoeciinae Paxton, 1986
- Anchinothria Paxton, 1986
- Hyalinoecia Malmgren, 1867
- Hyalospinifera Kucheruk, 1979
- Leptoecia Chamberlin, 1919
- Nothria Malmgren, 1866
- Onuphinae
- Americonuphis Fauchald, 1973
- Aponuphis Kucheruk, 1978
- Australonuphis Paxton, 1979
- Brevibrachium Paxton, 1986
- Diopatra Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833
- Fauchaldonuphis Paxton, 2005
- Hartmanonuphis Paxton, 1986
- Heptaceras Ehlers, 1868
- Hirsutonuphis Paxton, 1986
- Kinbergonuphis Fauchald, 1982
- Longibrachium Paxton, 1986
- Mooreonuphis Fauchald, 1982
- Onuphis Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833
- Paradiopatra Ehlers, 1887
- Paxtonia Budaeva & Fauchald, 2011
- Protodiopatra Budaeva & Fauchald, 2011
- Rhamphobrachium Ehlers, 1887
literature
- Stanley J. Edmonds: Fauna of Australia, Volume 4A. Polychaetes & Allies. The Southern Synthesis 4. Commonwealth of Australia, 2000. Class Polychaeta. Pp. 134-140, Family Onuphidae.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Onuphidae Kinberg, 1865. WoRMS , 2018. Retrieved October 25, 2018.