Eunicida
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
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| Rouse & Fauchald 1997 |
Eunicida is the name of a subordination of mobile or in tubes as predators or scavengers living polychaete (Polychaeta) in the order Aciculata and subclass Palpata , which are found in oceans worldwide.
features
The Eunicida reach body lengths of 1 cm to several meters and then have over 1500 segments . They are characterized by the position of the muscular evertable pharynx below the esophagus , on which a pair of mandibles sit dorsally and a set of toothed maxillary plates anteriorly . In addition, the always unbranched parapodia often have characteristic dorsal gills , in some species also dorsal and ventral cirrus . The eunicida have a distinct head, which is usually clearly divided into a prostomium and a peristomium . On the prostomium are a pair of spherical to cylindrical sensory palps and 0 to 7 mostly smooth, but sometimes articulated antennae , including an unpaired central antenna in front if the number is odd. Some species have tentacles - cirrus . Many species build living tubes from slime or a horny substance.
Distribution, way of life and example species
The eunicida are widespread in seas around the world and move as active bottom dwellers on sandy or muddy subsoil or build living tubes , which they can leave to search for and take in food. The animals sometimes eat carrion or detritus , sometimes they grab live prey with their powerful jaws , which they usually first cut up and then devour in bits and pieces.
Systematics
According to the systematics according to Rouse & Fauchald from 1998, the suborder Eunicida belongs to the order Aciculata in the subclass Palpata .
According to this system, the following families belong to the suborder Eunicida :
literature
- Stanley J. Edmonds: Fauna of Australia, Volume 4A. Polychaetes & Allies. The Southern Synthesis 4. Commonwealth of Australia, 2000. Class Polychaeta. P. 121, Eunicida.
- Gregory W. Rouse, Kristian Fauchald (1998): Recent views on the status, delineation, and classification of the Annelida. (PDF). American Zoologist. 38 (6), pp. 953-964. doi: 10.1093 / icb / 38.6.953
- Peter Ax: The system of Metazoa II. A textbook on phylogenetic systematics. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart / Jena 1999. pp. 47–56, chapter Polychaeta : Eunicida , pp. 52f.
Web links
- Fredrik Pleijel, Gregory W. Rouse: Eunicida. In: The Tree of Life Web Project, 2004.