Lumbrineridae

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Lumbrineridae
Lumbrineris californiensis

Lumbrineris californiensis

Systematics
Empire : Animals (Animalia)
Trunk : Annelids (Annelida)
Class : Polychaete (Polychaeta)
Subclass : Aciculata
Order : Eunicida
Family : Lumbrineridae
Scientific name
Lumbrineridae
Schmarda , 1861

Lumbrineridae is the name of a family of small to medium-sized polychaeta (polychaeta), burrowing in the sediment or creeping on it , which are distributed in seas worldwide and feed partly on detritus , partly on plants, small animals and carrion.

features

The Lumbrineridae have a long, muscular, earthworm-like, slender to thread-like body, which is up to 10 cm long , only rarely up to 40 cm long as in the Italian species Lumbrineris impatiens , and has numerous segments . The prostomium is conical to approximately oval or - in Lumbrinerides and Lumbrineridopsis - long and pointed and has neither antennae nor palps nor eyes. Exceptions are the genera Lysarete and Kuwaita , which have small antennae. Some species have 1 to 7 small papillae in the neck. A pair of nuchal organs sit more or less in a pocket between the prostomium and peristomium . The latter consists of two ringlets and has no tentacle cirrus.

The muscular pharynx has dark, chitinous, sometimes also calcareous jaws: ventrally a pair of rimmed mandibles, at least partially fused in the middle, dorsally four pairs of maxillae and a pair of short, wide maxillary supports, the basal pair of maxillae being pincer-like with hooks, and there gibr three pairs with smaller tooth plates.

The parapodia are single-branched or indistinctly two-branched, the notopodium being reduced to a conical knot with an acicula or flattened dorsal cirrus , while gills are absent. The neuropodia have simple fringed bristles and mostly simple or compound hooks, while compound spiked bristles are rare. Ventral cirrus is absent, and there are two to four anal cirrus on the pygidium.

habitat

The Lumbrineridae are distributed in seas worldwide from shallower waters to the deep sea. Most species burrow through sandy or muddy sedimentary soils or crawl between algae or in crevices.

Development cycle

The Lumbrineridae are sexually separated and sexually monomorphic. The yolk-rich , approximately 190 to 500 µm large eggs are attached to mud or algae in gelatinous clusters. In species such as Lumbrineris latreilli on the Japanese coast, the eggs develop in the nest of algae directly to crawling worms, which leave their egg shell in 4 to 7 segments. In Lumbrineris impatiens on the north Atlantic coast of France, on the other hand, development takes place via a short pelagic phase as a larva , which feeds on yolk until it metamorphosis into a creeping worm. Lumbrineridae can live for several years.

nutrition

The Lumbrineridae are detritus eaters , carnivores , scavengers or herbivores .

Genera

The following genera belong to the Lumbrineridae family :

literature

  • Marian Hope Pettibone: Annelida. In: Sybil P. Parker (Ed.): Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms , Vol. 2, pp. 1-43. McGraw-Hill, New York 1982. pp. 19f., Lumbrineridae.
  • Stanley J. Edmonds: Fauna of Australia, Volume 4A. Polychaetes & Allies. The Southern Synthesis 4. Commonwealth of Australia, 2000. Class Polychaeta. Pp. 130-132, Family Lumbrineridae.

Web links

Commons : Lumbrineridae  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Lumbrineridae Schmarda, 1861. WoRMS , 2018. Accessed December 5, 2018.