Orangery (Stuttgart Palace Garden)

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Rear view of the orangery building around 1900

The Orangerie was 1818-1908 a classicist orangery building in the royal palace garden of the Württemberg capital Stuttgart . It was used to overwinter citrus trees . It was demolished in 1908 for the new Stuttgart main station .

location

City maps of Stuttgart from 1818 onwards show the exact location in what is now the track field of Stuttgart Central Station (approx. Tracks 14–16), or on the northeastern edge of the new underground station S21 .

The building

A construction plan of the building can be found in the city archive. The architect of the building was Johann Gottfried Klinsky , from whose pen the "quite exotic looking" bird house on the large roundabout of the former palace garden was built in 1810. After Klinskys draft was in the years 1818 / 19 , the Orangerie building erected. An approx. 120 meter long building that ran parallel to what was then Ludwigsburger Strasse . Along the building, in the northern continuation of today's Königstrasse , led the so-called "Philosophen Weg" which was approved for the stay of children and prams.

A pen drawing by the architect shows an early view, with a facade made up of 45 windows. A later watercolor painting by Caspar Obach from 1830 shows the front with only 23 windows. The later view can be found on several other depictions by A. Federer from 1908. It can be assumed that the earlier view of the architect was only a draft and was realized differently, or the building was changed a few years after its construction. The building could probably be entered by car through two five-meter-high double doors on the long sides to the southwest and northeast. The 23 windows (verifiably from 1830) on the long side facing southeast provided plenty of light in the interior. Six warm air ducts running in the floor were heated with a stove in the cold months. In the center of the rear was a two-story gardener's building with a basement facing northwest. In this part of the complex there were chambers for the royal gardener, the gardener journeyman and for garden tools.

history

Stuttgart gardeners transport an orange tree

In Stuttgart, exotic plants were cultivated even before the orangery was built. After the completion of the new pleasure house in 1555, Duke Christoph had a bitter orange garden laid out in the so-called pleasure garden (today the Upper Castle Garden area). Hanns Baum wrote in the Stuttgarter Tagblatt around 1924: “Duke Christoph had bitter oranges and Adam's apple trees brought from Milan in 1552 and set up the first orangery in Germany in Stuttgart. Lemon and lime trees from Lucca were added, Indian fig trees joined them, and Sicilian cane sugar and plum trees complemented the exotic park. That was the beginning of the orangery, which sent little trees for the gardens to friendly courtyards such as Munich and Durlach. Well: some things have changed over time; but there is still a little bit of poetry and romance left for us ... In the arcades of the orangery, past epheuum-entwined columns, you can dream away a beautiful hour, forgotten about the world, deprived of everyday life. "

In 1817, under the direction of the board of the building and gardening directorate, director v. Seyffer and Oberhofgärtner Bosch (shortly after the new King Wilhelm I took office ) relocated orange trees in plant pots from Ludwigsburg to Stuttgart. The orangery building was built to overwinter the valuable trees.

In an article in Swabian Mercury in 1902 Willy Widmann mentions: “Today there are still several orange trees from Duke Christof's pleasure garden, which, according to oral tradition, were obtained from Alexandria and are now around 400 years old. placed in the kitchen garden in front of the orangery building, where you can enjoy the most careful care provided by the court gardener Hering. "

Local history researcher Gustav Wais reports: "The trees, the strongest specimens of which still come from Duke Christoph's bitter orange house (1550), were set up around the Upper Lake each summer" . Alfred Ehmann (born September 17, 1872, † January 1955), palace garden inspector 1925–1936, remembers that some of the 400 trees had a diameter of up to four meters and that the fruits were used for royal bowls.

In 1848 a flower exhibition took place in the royal orangery in the palace garden.

In 1908 the building was demolished. In its place, an extension of the track field for today's main station was built. Several of the up to 400 years old trees found refuge in Wilhelma . Air raids in the night of October 19-20, 1944 destroyed the plants and left Wilhelma in a ruinous state.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ehmann, Alfred: Estate: 2232 . FN 22 / 3-22. with the kind permission of the Stuttgart City Archives.
  2. ↑ a b J. G. Kliensky (Johann Gottfried Klinsky): Orangery, Grund- u. Elevation . In: lav. Spring clip v. JG Kliensky 38 x 61.5 cm . Postcard, B 2763, F 26290, N 8614. Stuttgart City Archives.
  3. ↑ a b c Floor plan: The orangery in the castle garden, microfiche . P5211-17. Stuttgart City Archives.
  4. ↑ a b Martin Lang: Zur Veredelung der Bürger, Opened one hundred and seventy-five years ago: Stuttgart's palace gardens . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung . No. 233 , October 8, 1983.
  5. ↑ a b c Gustav Wais: Old Stuttgart buildings in the picture . Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1951, p. 446 .
  6. ↑ Caspar Obach: Orangery 1830, Aq.vCObach, 13 x 18 cm . B 6115/12, F 38767, N 18235. Stuttgart City Archives, Stuttgart 1830.
  7. ↑ A. Federer: Orangery 1908, Federz.lav., VAFederer, 17.5 x 26 cm . D 1326, F 27791, N 9603. Stuttgart City Archives.
  8. ^ Ehmann, Alfred: Estate: 2232 . FN 22 / 3-22. with the kind permission of the Stuttgart City Archives.
  9. ^ Wais, Gustav: Gardens and Plants in Old Stuttgart, For the opening of the German Garden Show Stuttgart 1950 . Ed .: Official Gazette of the City of Stuttgart. June 1, 1950.
  10. ↑ Baum, Hans: In the orangery . In: Tagblatt Stuttgart, around 1924 (Ed.): Newspaper article found in the Stuttgart city archive on the subject of "parks / gardens" .
  11. ↑ a b Widmann, Willy: The k. Systems in Stuttgart . In: Schwäbischer Merkur (Hrsg.): Newspaper article found in the Stuttgart city archive on the subject of "parks / gardens" . Swabian Mercury No. 161 (? Possibly 101), April 9, 1902.
  12. ↑ Domänendirektion / 1858-1915 (Va from 1759, Na until 1941) . From holdings: E 236, Bü 4235. Ludwigsburg State Archives.
  13. ↑ Stuttgarter Nachrichten: When oranges were still growing in the courtyard ..., An eighty-year-old tells - The Creator of the Stuttgart Rose Garden (Alfred Ehmann) . In: 214 BC Stuttgart September 19, 1952.
  14. ↑ John, Timo: The Stuttgart City Garden, From the Seewiesen to the University Campus . Ed .: Stuttgart City Archives. Hohenheim Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, p. 18 .

Coordinates: 48 ° 47 ′ 3.7 "  N , 9 ° 10 ′ 59.5"  E