Orcula austriaca

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Orcula austriaca
Orcula austriaca

Orcula austriaca

Systematics
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Pupilloidea
Family : Barrel snails (Orculidae)
Subfamily : Orculinae
Genre : Orcula
Type : Orcula austriaca
Scientific name
Orcula austriaca
St. Zimmermann , 1932

Orcula austriaca is a species of snail from the family of the barrel snail (Orculidae), which belongs to the subordination of the land snail (Stylommatophora).

features

The cylindrical, thick-barrel-shaped housing is 6 to 7 mm high and 2.6 to 2.8 mm wide. It has 9 to 10.5 slightly curved turns. The last turn is occasionally a little bloated. The seam between the turns is only shallow. The palate bulge is strongly developed and forms a small protrusion inward. There are always two spindle folds; occasionally a faint third spindle fold appears between these two.

In the female genital tract, the free fallopian tube is slightly longer than the vagina. The stem of the sperm library is very long and especially very thick near the base. The bladder itself is elongated, spindle-shaped and lies on the albumin gland. No diverticulum is formed on the stem. In the male tract, the spermatic duct is long and thin; it gradually passes into the epiphallus. After the confluence of the vas deferens, the epiphallus is characterized by a thickened, somewhat shorter, and a distal, somewhat thinner and longer section. The very thick, slim, conical flagellum (blind sac or caecum) sits at the transition to the penis. The penile retractor muscle starts at the junction between the penis and the epiphallus. The penis is significantly shorter than the epiphallus (distal thickened + thin distal part). There are minor differences between the three subspecies in the genital system.

Similar species

The shell of Orcula spoliata is on average slightly smaller and wider. The palate bulge is absent or poorly developed. A strong palatal tooth is always developed in the slim barrel snail. In this species the upper spindle fold is poorly developed or absent.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species occurs only in northern Austria, Carinthia and Styria. It lives there in damp, dark gorges, but also in grass and rock slopes exposed to the south. The animals sit there on dead wood, on rocks, or can also be found in the muck between the rocks.

Taxonomy

The taxon was first described in 1932 by Stephan Zimmermann as the subspecies Orcula spoliata austriaca . Today the taxon is regarded as an independent species that is not closely related to Orcula spoliata . Some authors and Fauna Europaea divide the species into the subspecies:

  • Orcula austriaca austriaca Zimmermann, 1932, the nominate subspecies
  • Orcula austriaca faueri Klemm, 1967 ("Obir barrel snail ")
  • Orcula austriaca goelleri Gittenberger, 1978
  • Orcula austriaca pseudofuchsi Klemm, 1967

The species was placed by Páll-Gergely (2013) to the subgenus Orcula (Orcula) .

Danger

Orcula austriaca faueri Klemm, 1967 has the status R = very limited distribution area on the Red List of Carinthian molluscs. All subspecies with the exception of the nominate subspecies are on the Red List of Endangered Animals in Austria. Overall, however, the species is not considered endangered.

supporting documents

literature

  • Michael P. Kerney, Robert AD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983 ISBN 3-490-17918-8 (p. 103)
  • Edmund Gittenberger: Contributions to the knowledge of the Pupillacea VIII. Some about Orculidae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 163: 3-44, 1978 PDF
  • Josef Harl, Helmut Sattmann, Anatolj A. Schileyko: Types of the Extant taxa of the landsnail genus Orcula Held 1837 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora, Orculidae). Archive for Molluscology, 140 (2): 175-199, Frankfurt / M., 2011
  • Anatolij A. Schileyko: On the anatomy of Orculidae with special reference to the spermatophores (Gastropoda Pulmonata, Stylommatophora). Ruthenica, 22 (2): 141-158, 2012 PDF

On-line

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stephan Zimmermann: About the distribution and the forms of the genus Orcula Held in the Eastern Alps. Journal of Scientific Zoology, Department B, Archive for Natural History (Journal of Systematic Zoology) (New Series), 1: 1-56, Leipzig 1932.
  2. ^ Edmund Gittenberger: Contributions to the knowledge of the Pupillacea VIII. Some about Orculidae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 163: 1-44, Leiden 1978 PDF
  3. ↑ Fauna Europaea: Orcula austriaca S. Zimmermann 1932
  4. ^ A b Paul Mildner, Ursula Rathmayer: Red list of the molluscs of Carinthia (Mollusca). In: WE Holzinger, Paul Mildner, T. Rottenburg, C. Wieser (eds.): Red lists of endangered animals in Carinthia. Nature conservation in Carinthia, 15: 643 - 662, Klagenfurt 1999 PDF (p. 648)
  5. ↑ Barna Páll-Gergely, Tamás Deli, Atanas Irikov, Josef Harl: Subgeneric division of the genus Orcula Held 1837 with remarks on Romanian orculid data (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orculidae). Zookeys, 301: 25-49, 2013 doi : 10.3897 / zookeys.301.5304
  6. ↑ Orcula austriaca in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011.11. Posted by: Falkner, G. & von Proschwitz, T., 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2014.

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