Orcula

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Orcula
Large barrel snail (Orcula dolium)

Large barrel snail ( Orcula dolium )

Systematics
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Pupilloidea
Family : Barrel snails (Orculidae)
Subfamily : Orculinae
Genre : Orcula
Scientific name
Orcula
Hero , 1837

Orcula is a genus of the family of the barrel snail (Orculidae) from the suborder of the land snail (Stylommatophora). Occasionally the genus, like the family, is also called barrel snails.

features

The housing is cylindrical to conical-cylindrical or elongated-egg-shaped with 8 to 10 slightly curved turns. The last turn rises slightly from the turn axis towards the mouth. The height varies from 6 to 9 mm, the width between 2.5 and 3.7 mm. The color ranges from greenish-yellowish to dark brown. The embryonic turns (0.5 to 1 turn) are essentially smooth, or very fine spiral stripes are indicated. The following turns have fine radial stripes. The mouth is provided with one to three spindle lamellae and a parietal lamella. The parietal lamella extends deep into the mouth. The palate area is smooth or has a strong fold or a tooth. Occasionally a subangularis is also formed.

In the reproductive system, the distal part of the vas deferens is slightly thickened before it enters the thickened epiphallus. The penis is cylindrical with a long, conical and thick blind sac (caecum). A penile appendix is ​​missing, however. The penile retractor muscle attaches to the penis / epiphallus transition area and opposite the caecum. The penis, epiphallus and blind sac ( caecum ) have internally furrowed longitudinal folds. The spermathec is moderately long and, together with the bladder, reaches about the level of the prostate. The stem is comparatively thick, the bladder itself elongated, egg-shaped and hardly thicker than the stem. A diverticulum is missing.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species of the genus Orcula are native to Central and Southern Europe. They live in forests and in the high mountains under and between stones, rubble and decaying wood.

Taxonomy and systematics

The taxon was set up by Friedrich Held in 1837. Held put four species in the genus, but did not determine any type species. August Nicolaus Herrmannsen designated Pupa dolium as a type species in 1847 . Páll-Gergely et al. (2013) divided the genus into three subgenera Orcula (Orcula) Held, 1837, Orcula (Hausdorfia) Páll-Gergely, Deli, Irikov and Harl, 2013 and Orcula (Illyrobanatica) Páll-Gergely, Deli, Irikov and Harl, 2013.

indefinite subgenus:

The species Orcula dobrogica (Grossu, 1986) (original binomial Sphyradium dobrogicum ), which belongs to the genus Orcula in the fauna of Europea , is a more recent synonym of Sphyradium doliolum (Bruguière, 1792).

supporting documents

literature

  • Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 1. Achatinellidae, Amastridae, Orculidae, Strobilopsidae, Spelaeodiscidae, Valloniidae, Cochlicopidae, Pupillidae, Chondrinidae, Pyramidulidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (1): 1-126, Moscow 1998 ISSN  0136-0027
  • Anatoly A. Schileyko: On the anatomy of Orculidae with special reference to the spermatophores (Gastropoda Pulmonata, Stylommatophora). Ruthenica, 22 (2): 141–158, 2012 PDF
  • Bernhard Hausdorf: The Orculidae of Asia (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Archives for Molluscology, 125 (1/2): 1–86, Frankfurt / M. 1996.
  • Wilhelm Wenz: Gastropoda extramarina tertiaria. In: Carl Diener (Ed.), Fossilium catalogus, 1 Animalium , 20: 737-1068, Berlin 1923 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (pp. 1031-1034)

On-line

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jürgen H. Jungbluth and Dietrich von Knore: Trivial names of land and freshwater mollusks in Germany (Gastropoda et Bivalvia). Mollusca, 26 (1): 105-156, Dresden 2008 ISSN  1864-5127
  2. ^ Friedrich Held: Notes on the molluscs of Bavaria. (Continuation.). Isis 1837 (12): 902-919, Leipzig 1838 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 919).
  3. ^ August Nicolaus Herrmannsen: Indicis generum malacozoorum primordia: nomina subgenerum, generum, familiarum, tribuum, ordinum, classium; adjectis auctoribus, temporibus, locis systematicis atque litterariis, etymis, synonymis; praetermittuntur cirripedia, tunicata et rhizopoda. Cassel, Fischer, 1846-1855
  4. ↑ a b Barna Páll-Gergely, Tamás Deli, Atanas Irikov, Josef Harl: Subgeneric division of the genus Orcula Held 1837 with remarks on Romanian orculid data (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orculidae). Zookeys, 301: 25-49, 2013 doi : 10.3897 / zookeys.301.5304

Web links

Commons : Orcula  - collection of images, videos and audio files