Orcula conica

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Orcula conica
Orcula conica

Orcula conica

Systematics
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Pupilloidea
Family : Barrel snails (Orculidae)
Subfamily : Orculinae
Genre : Orcula
Type : Orcula conica
Scientific name
Orcula conica
( Rossmässler , 1837)

Orcula conica , disuse also cone-Tönnchenschnecke or Kegelige Tönnchenschnecke is a snail species from the family of orculidae (Orculidae) used for the subordination of the terrestrial gastropods is expected (Stylommatophora).

features

The housing is conical-egg-shaped and is 5.5 to 7 mm high and 3.0 to 3.5 mm wide. It has 8.5 to 9 slowly increasing, strongly arched turns, which are separated from each other by a deep seam. The last turn is slightly narrower than the penultimate turn and increases significantly towards the mouth. The mouth is half-oval or half-elliptical and is oblique to the axis of the coil. The simple edge of the mouth is slightly bent back and ends sharply. It is thickened on the inside. A callosity is absent, and a bulge in the neck is also absent. In the mouth there are two spindle folds and a parietal fold that reach up to the edge of the mouth. The skin is comparatively thin and colored horn-brown to dark reddish-brown. The surface has irregular radial stripes. The navel is open.

The soft body is light gray-blue, the back is a little darker. In the female tract of the sexual apparatus, the free fallopian tubes and vagina are about the same length. The stem of the sperm library is very long and thick. The bladder itself is elongated, spindle-shaped and lies on the albumin gland. No diverticulum is formed on the stem. In the male tract, the spermatic duct is long and thin; it inserts laterally into the thickened distal part of the epiphallus. After thickening, the epiphallus is comparatively thin and longer than the penis. At the confluence of the epiphallus with the penis, a very short, but very wide flagellum (blind sac or caecum) is formed at the base. The penile retractor muscle attaches to the penis / epiphallus transition, or something below it on the penis itself.

Similar species

The species differs from the large cone snail ( Orcula dolium ) by the smaller shell, its egg-shaped shape, the lower and slightly more arched coils. The mouth is smaller and not so well rounded.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The distribution area is limited to the Austrian federal states of Styria and Carinthia as well as northern Slovenia and northern Croatia. The animals live there under leaves and in overgrown rubble on a chalky subsoil.

Taxonomy

The taxon was first described in 1837 by Emil Adolf Rossmässler as Pupa conica . As early as 1837 Friedrich Held assigned them to the genus Orcula .

In the recently (2013) proposed subdivision of the genus Orcula into three sub-genera by Páll-Gergely et al. Orcula conica remained in the nominate subgenus Orcula (Orcula) Held, 1837.

Danger

In Carinthia, Orcula conica is a type of early warning level. The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) classifies the species as not endangered.

supporting documents

literature

  • Paul Brohmer, Paul Ehrmann, G. Ulmer: The animal world of Central Europe. A manual for their determination as a basis for faunistic-zoogeographical work. Volume II. Mollusca / Crustacea / Isopoda / Myriapoda. Verlag von Quelle & Meyer, Leipzig, 1956.
  • Edmund Gittenberger: Contributions to the knowledge of the Pupillacea VIII. Some about Orculidae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 163: 3-44, 1978 PDF
  • Michael P. Kerney, Robert AD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983 ISBN 3-490-17918-8 (p. 103)
  • Anatoly A. Schileyko: On the anatomy of Orculidae with special reference to the spermatophores (Gastropoda Pulmonata, Stylommatophora). Ruthenica, 22 (2): 141–158, 2012 PDF

On-line

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rosina Fechter, Gerhard Falkner: Molluscs. 287 p., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3 (p. 146)
  2. ^ A b Paul Mildner, Ursula Rathmayer: Red list of the molluscs of Carinthia (Mollusca). In: WE Holzinger, Paul Mildner, T. Rottenburg, C. Wieser (eds.): Red lists of endangered animals in Carinthia. Nature conservation in Carinthia, 15: 643 - 662, Klagenfurt 1999 PDF (p. 648)
  3. ↑ a b Emil Adolf Rossmässler: Iconography of the land and freshwater mollusks, with special consideration of the European species not yet shown. First volume. Issue 1: I-VI, 1-132, Issue 2: 1-26, Issue 3: 1-33, Issue 4: 1-27, Issue 5–6: 1-70, Taf. 1–30, Dresden, Leipzig , Arnoldische Buchhandlung, 1835-1837. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (issue 5–6, p. 17/8, plate 23, Fig. 332)
  4. ^ Friedrich Held: Notes on the molluscs of Bavaria. (Continuation.). Isis 1837 (12): 902-919, Leipzig 1838 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 919).
  5. ↑ Barna Páll-Gergely, Tamás Deli, Atanas Irikov, Josef Harl: Subgeneric division of the genus Orcula Held 1837 with remarks on Romanian orculid data (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orculidae). Zookeys, 301: 25-49, 2013 doi : 10.3897 / zookeys.301.5304
  6. ↑ Orcula conica in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011.11. Posted by: Falkner, G. & von Proschwitz, T., 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2014.

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