Slender barrel snail
| Slender barrel snail | ||||||||||||
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Slender cone snail ( Orcula gularis ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Orcula gularis | ||||||||||||
| ( Rossmässler , 1837) |
The slender barrel snail ( Orcula gularis ), also known as the slender barrel snail , is a type of snail from the family of the barrel snail (Orculidae), which belongs to the subordinate class of the terrestrial lung snail (Stylommatophora).
features
The housing is cylindrical to thickly cylindrical with 8.5 to 10 flat arched, slowly increasing turns and a conical apex. The turns are separated from each other by a deep seam. The last turn climbs slowly towards the mouth. The case is 6.5 to 7 mm high and 2.8 mm wide. The edge of the mouth is bent and thickened. However, it is interrupted in the parietal region. The mouth has a very strong central parietal fold and two less distinct spindle folds, of which the lower spindle fold is more developed. The upper spindle fold can also be missing. In the palatal region there is a strong white tooth that begins behind the lip and extends deep into the mouth. The housing color is yellowish to reddish-brown, the shell is slightly translucent. The shiny surface is smooth or only very finely striped radially. The navel is almost closed.
The soft body is light blue-gray with a blackish-gray back. In the male genital tract, the spermatic duct is long and gradually merges into the epiphallus. The epiphallus is also comparatively long and somewhat spindle-shaped. The penis, on the other hand, is comparatively thin and 3 to 4 times shorter than the epiphallus. The blind sac (caecum) on the penis is conical in shape and slightly curved. The penile retractor muscle attaches to the penis / epiphallus junction or in the distal part of the epiphallus. The free fallopian tube is very long and 5 to 7 times longer than the vagina. The thick stem of the spermathec is wound around fallopian tubes / egg ducts. The bladder is only slightly thicker than the stalk and lies in the proximal area of the egg duct or on the albumin gland.
Similar species
The shell resembles that of the large cone snail ( Orcula dolium ), but is smaller and relatively slimmer. It is more gently rounded towards the apex, and the mouth has a strong palatal tooth in addition to the spindle folds and parietal fold. The area of the slim barrel snail seems to be limited exclusively to limestone soils.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The species is restricted to two areas in the Northern and Southern Limestone Alps of Germany, Austria and Northern Italy; the southern area is in turn divided into an eastern and western area. In Germany it only occurs near Berchtesgaden .
It occurs at altitudes up to 2200 m above sea level and lives in scree on cool and moist slopes exclusively in areas with limestone soils.
Systematics
The taxon was first described in 1837 by Emil Adolf Roßmaessler under the original binomial Pupa gularis .
The species is currently divided into two subspecies: Orcula gularis gularis (the nominate subspecies) and Orcula gularis oreina Zimmermann, 1932. The latter subspecies is often incorrectly provided with Pilsbry, 1934 as the author and publication date.
Danger
The species is rare in Germany and was classified in the Red List in the category R (extremely rare). According to the IUCN, however, it is considered overall not to be endangered (least concern).
supporting documents
literature
- Paul Brohmer, Paul Ehrmann, G. Ulmer: The animal world of Central Europe. A manual for their determination as a basis for faunistic-zoogeographical work. Volume II. Mollusca / Crustacea / Isopoda / Myriapoda. Verlag von Quelle & Meyer, Leipzig, 1956.
- Rosina Fechter, Gerhard Falkner: Mollusks. 287 p., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3 (p. 146)
- Michael P. Kerney, Robert AD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983 ISBN 3-490-17918-8 (p. 103)
- Barna Páll-Gergely, Tamás Deli, Atanas Irikov, Josef Harl: Subgeneric division of the genus Orcula Held 1837 with remarks on Romanian orculid data (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orculidae). Zookeys, 301: 25-49, 2013 doi : 10.3897 / zookeys.301.5304
- Anatoly A. Schileyko: On the anatomy of Orculidae with special reference to the spermatophores (Gastropoda Pulmonata, Stylommatophora). Ruthenica, 22 (2): 141–158, 2012 PDF
On-line
Individual evidence
- ↑ Georg Kierdorf-Traut: Notes on the fauna of the terrestrial shell snails in South Tyrol. Gredleriana, 1: 183–226, Bozen 2001 PDF file
- ^ Emil Adolf Rossmässler: Iconography of the land and freshwater molluscs, with special consideration of the European species not yet shown. First volume. Issue 1: I-VI, 1–132, Issue 2: 1–26, Issue 3: 1–33, Issue 4: 1–27, Issue 5–6: 1–70, Plates 1–30, Dresden, Leipzig , Arnoldische Buchhandlung, 1835–1837. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (issue 5–6, p. 17/8, plate 23, Fig. 333)
- ↑ Orcula gularis in Fauna Europaea
- ↑ Jürgen Jungbluth, Dietrich von Knorre: Red list of internal mollusks, snails (Gastropoda) and mussels (Bivalvia) in Germany. 6. Revised and extended version 2008. Communications of the German Malacoological Society, 81: 1–28, Frankfurt a. M., May 2009 PDF (p. 14)
- ↑ Orcula gularis in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2013.2. Posted by: Falkner, G., Falkner, M. & von Proschwitz, T., 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2014.