Organs in the Basilica of Constantine
The Konstantinbasilika in Trier now has two organs: a choir organ with 30 registers on two manuals and pedal , and since 2014 a new main organ from the organ building company Eule on the back wall.
Ibach organ
As part of the first reconstruction of the basilica, it also received an organ . The instrument was built in 1856 by the Ibach brothers ("Uebach") from Barmen and had 40 registers , distributed over three manuals and a pedal. In the two pedal towers were visible the pipes of the pedal register principal bass 32 '. The organ case was approx. 15 m high, 10 m wide and 5 m deep. In 1913 the instrument was rebuilt by the organ builder Friedrich Weigle (Echterdingen) and expanded to 50 registers (on membrane drawers). The actions were pneumatic. This instrument was destroyed in a bomb attack in 1944.
Schuke organ
After the reconstruction of the basilica, the organ building company Karl Schuke (Berlin) built a choir organ in 1962. The instrument is located in a (window) niche on the east wall of the basilica, approximately at the level of the altar and to the right of it. The prospectus fills the entire window opening; In the middle part, the main unit and the upper unit are arranged one above the other, to the left and right of it is the pedal unit. The play area is at the foot of the middle section; above the play area are the pipes of the Spanish trumpets , which protrude into the church. The slider chests -instrument has scheduled 30 stops on two manuals and pedal and is neobarock. The game actions are mechanical, the stop actions are electric.
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
- Playing aids : two free combinations, fixed combinations (pleno, tutti)
Owl organ
As early as the 1950s, considerations began to build a new main organ to replace the Uebach organ that was destroyed in the war. In 2006 the Constantine Basilica celebrated a double anniversary: 150 years of the Evangelical Church of the Redeemer and 50 years of post-war reconstruction. In this context, the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, as patronage, announced the construction of a new main organ on the back wall of the church at a festive event.
Two selection procedures took place: On the one hand, the procedure for selecting the builder company, and an architectural competition, which dealt with the external design of the organ in space. Numerous committees were involved in these proceedings, both from the state government of Rhineland-Palatinate and the preservation of monuments, as well as (state and local) church committees. In addition, UNESCO was involved in the decision-making process, as it was about a construction project in a world cultural heritage site. The organ building company Eule (Bautzen) received the order to build the new instrument . She has already built the organ in the Evangelical Church of Saarburg in the church district of Trier . The exterior design was developed by the architects Auer & Weber (Munich / Stuttgart).
The new main organ was installed on the back wall of the basilica in 2014. It is symphonically arranged and is intended to enable the presentation of any organ music from the 19th century. The instrument has 82 registers (over 6,000 pipes) plus 5 extended or transmitted registers in the pedal, distributed over four manual works and pedal. This makes the organ the largest organ in Trier and one of the largest in Rhineland-Palatinate.
The instrument is distributed over three organ bodies that are suspended from the rear wall. They are located in front of or in the window niches, the width of which they roughly take up, and overall only protrude slightly into the church interior.
The main work (I. manual) is arranged in the style of German high and late baroque organs, the swell work (II. Manual) German-romantic and the swellable Récit (III. Manual) French-romantic. Two works can be played from Manual IV: the also swellable orchestral work with timbres of the English Romanticism (including a fully developed string choir) with a wind pressure of around 150 mm Ws, and the non-swellable solo work with high pressure registers (including a Tuba imperialis ) and a wind pressure of about 380 mm Ws. Both works can be coupled independently of each other to all other manual works and the pedal.
The main console is located in front of the central organ body and can be reached via a narrow spiral staircase. The stop action is electric; the action mechanism is mechanical and is partially supported by barker machines (swell, orchestral, pedal). The high pressure voices are played electrically. A second, mobile gaming table was also built.
While the organ was judged to be a thoroughly successful sound at its inauguration, critical voices were also expressed regarding its visual design: Compared to the computer simulation from 2012, the prospectus has been significantly changed. In contrast to the original idea of accommodating the organ pipes in three lightly painted towers in order to lengthen the window surfaces downwards, the pipes were housed in black and - according to the critics - threatening-looking cuboids, which as a disturbing foreign body to nothing in the church to build a relationship.
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Pairing :
- Normal coupling: II / I, III / I, IV / I, III / II, IV / II, IV / III; I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P
- Super octave coupling: II / I, II / II, III / I, III / III, IV / I, IV / III, IV / IV, II / P, III / P, IV / P
- Sub-octave coupling: II / I, II / II, III / I, III / III, IV / I, IV / IV
- Orchestral / Solo: each free on I, II, III, IV, P
- Playing aids : Register crescendo (5-fold programmable); electronic setting system; MIDI interface and replay system
Individual evidence
- ^ Basilica organ , accessed on December 21, 2014.
- ^ Trier Orgelpunkt: Historical organs in the Constantine Basilica , accessed on August 21, 2015.
- ↑ Information on the basilica organ from 1856/1913
- ↑ Entry on Schuke organ in the database of cultural assets in the Trier region ; accessed on March 4, 2016.
- ↑ Information on the Schuke organ
- ↑ Further information on the new main organ
- ↑ See the information on building history
- ↑ See the computer graphics of the new main organ
- ↑ More information on the disposition ( memento of the original from September 15, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file)
- ↑ http://ekkt.ekir.de/trier/uploads/pics/Zw.jpg , accessed on December 21, 2014
- ↑ http://www.walcker-stiftung.de/Downloads/Blog/Orgel_Basilika_Trier-2.pdf Roland Eberlein ; The new main organ of the basilica in Trier has been completed
literature
- Boris Peter, Klaus Pfaff: The new organ of the Constantine Basilica in Trier. Minimized construction in the UNESCO World Heritage Site . In: Structural Engineering . January 2017, ISSN 0932-8351 , p. 62-68 .
Web links
Sound samples of the Schuke organ
- Elisabeth Ullmann, Vienna plays Buxtehude Prelude in D
- Wolfgang Zerer plays the fourth sonata, first movement by Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy
- Wolfgang Zerer plays the fourth sonata, second and third movements by Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy
Sound samples owl organ
- Recording by Deutschlandfunk from the inauguration service of the organ on November 30, 2014 with a lot of organ music ( memento from December 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- The new owl organ in the Constantine Basilica in Trier at a concert for choir and wind instruments (youtube) , recording from Sunday December 14, 2014 (3rd Advent)
Coordinates: 49 ° 45 ′ 12 ″ N , 6 ° 38 ′ 36 ″ E