Orkney Hood

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The Orkney Hood ( German  Orkney hood ) is one of the hooded hoods made of undyed brown wool, which is dated to the late Iron Age or the early Middle Ages .

Finding circumstances

The hood was found near Groatsetter Farm, southwest of the Tankerness Peninsula, in the parish of St. Andrews on the Orkney Island of Mainland , before 1867 . It is unique among the archaeological finds from the Orkney in Scotland because organic materials (wood, leather or cloth) do not normally survive in the ground. Thanks to the anaerobic conditions in a peat bog, where the hood was probably intentionally sunk or lost, it has been very well preserved.

The hood, roughly repaired, was exhibited in the Scottish National Museum in Edinburgh. Audrey Henshall thought they were Viking Age or older. An analysis by Michael L. Ryder showed that the wool was quite fine and hardly contained any coarse outer hair because the sheep may have been plucked. In 1981 the garment was scientifically examined in advance of its preservation.

description

The hood measures 49.4 × 95.3 cm, the edge with the fringes is about 20 cm wide. It consists of three separately woven parts: the hood itself, a ribbon sewn to the lower end, and another ribbon with a fringed hem. The main body fabric was woven from Z-spun yarn on a weight loom in 2/2 herringbone twill. The thread size varies a lot, and mistakes were obviously made when raising the loom. A selvedge has not been preserved. Boards with two and four holes were used for the edges. Since the direction of rotation of the boards has not been reversed, the carefully sewn strips are heavily twisted. The hood has two old cracks. Five knotted leather straps are led through holes on the edge of the hood, another three holes indicate missing straps. They were not visible when the hood was worn, their purpose is unclear. Henshall points out the great resemblance to an Irish slab-woven tape that was found between Moyarget and Ballintoy in 1893 and is now in the Irish National Museum in Dublin.

Dating and cultural attribution

A radiocarbon dating in the accelerator Oxford University gave a date of 1595 ± 80 BP, resulting in a production of the hood 250 to 615 n. Chr probably makes after calibration. (2σ range). Gabra Sanders cites a sheepskin hood from Kogens Mølle Mosse in Denmark as a next parallel , which dates back to 80 BC. Is dated. The hood is said to have been made for a child (or a small woman), the fringed tablet weave at the base originally comes from an adult's clothing. According to Jacqui Wood, who made a replica of the hood, the quality points to a wearer of high status. Continental garments of this type were worn by men, especially clerics .

literature

  • Thea Gabra-Sanders: The Orkney hood, re-dated and re-considered. In: Penelope Walton Rogers, Lise Bender Jørgensen, Antoinette Rast-Eicher (Eds.): The Roman textile industry and its influence, a birthday tribute to John Peter Wild. Oxbow, Oxford 2001, pp. 98-104, ISBN 1-84217-046-5 .
  • Gale R. Owen-Crocker: Orkney Hood. In: Encyclopedia of Medieval Dress and Textiles. Brill Online, 2015. Reference. September 14, 2015 [1] . First appeared online: 2012, First Print Edition ISBN 9789004124356 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Audrey Henshall: Early textiles found in Scotland: Part I (locally made). In: Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries 46, 1951/52, pp. 1-39.
  2. ↑ Michael L. Ryder: The Evolution of the Scottish Breeds of Sheep. In: Scottish Studies 12/2, 1968.
  3. ↑ Major Findlayson: Report on the Conservation of the Orkney Hood. In: Tom Bryce, Jim Tate (eds.): The Laboratories of the National Museum of Scotland 2, 1984, National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, p. 95.
  4. ↑ Major Findlayson: Report on the Conservation of the Orkney Hood. In: Tom Bryce, Jim Tate (Eds.): The Laboratories of the National Museum of Scotland 2, 1984, National Museum of Scotland, Edinburg, p. 96.
  5. ↑ Audrey Henshall: Early textiles found in Scotland: Part I (locally made). In: Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries 46, 1951/52, p. 9.
  6. ↑ a b c Audrey Henshall: Early textiles found in Scotland: Part I (locally made). In: Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries 46, 1951/52, p. 10.
  7. ↑ a b Audrey Henshall: Early textiles found in Scotland: Part I (locally made). In: Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries 46, 1951/52, p. 14
  8. ↑ Thea Gabra-Sanders: The Orkney hood, re-dated and re-considered. In: Penelope Walton Rogers, Lise Bender Jørgensen, Antoinette Rast-Eicher (eds.), The Roman textile industry and its influence, a birthday tribute to John Peter Wild. Oxbow, Oxford 2001, p. 99.
  9. ^ Analysis of OxA-3535: National Museum of Scotland and canmore.org (Historic Environment Scotland).
  10. ↑ Thea Gabra-Sanders: The Orkney hood, re-dated and re-considered. In: Penelope Walton Rogers, Lise Bender Jørgensen, Antoinette Rast-Eicher (Eds.): The Roman textile industry and its influence, a birthday tribute to John Peter Wild. Oxbow, Oxford 2001, p. 100
  11. ↑ http://www.archaeologyonline.org/Orkney%20Hood/Orkney%20Hood%20Main%20Page.htm

Web links

Coordinates: 58 ° 56 '33.5 "  N , 2 ° 52' 25.4"  W.