Orthorhinus cylindrirostris
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Orthorhinus cylindrirostris |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Orthorhinus cylindrirostris | ||||||||||||
| ( Fabricius , 1775) |
Orthorhinus cylindrirostris is aspecies of Australian weevil . It is known in Australia as "Elephant weevil" ("Elephant Weevil"); however, this name is ambiguous and is sometimes used in other regions for other species of weevils.
features
Beetle
The beetle reaches a body length of 10 to 20 millimeters with a long, curved cylindrical trunk. It is darkly colored with an almost opaque scale pattern made up of brown, black and white scales in variable patterns and dimensions. Typical specimens have two horn-shaped tubercles of erect scales on the front edge of the pronotum . Similar tubercles also sit on the elytra: two in the second space between the rows of dots, a smaller one near the base and a larger one near the center; and one in the fifth space on the crash. Another, smaller one rarely occurs in the seventh space. The species has fully developed (macroptere) hind wings and, in contrast to many other species of the subfamily Molytinae, is able to fly.
The species exhibits sexual dimorphism . Males are slightly larger, with them the first three limbs of the fore tarsi are markedly expanded and long hairy, in addition, the fore tibia are longer and the trunk is somewhat shorter.
Other species of the genus, for example, the Weinrüssler ( "vine weevil") Orthorhinus klugi , are similar in appearance.
Larvae
The larvae reach 16 millimeters in length and 7 millimeters in width. They are robust with greatly enlarged abdominal segments five and six. The head is slightly retracted into the trunk and, like the sclerotized pronotum disk, is yellowish in color. Brenda May gives a detailed description.
Way of life
The larvae of the species drill into living wood. The females use the mouthparts at the tip of their proboscis to eat holes in the bark of woody plants, in which they lay the eggs. From here, the larvae feed on galleries that can lie in trunks, branches and roots. The species develops from egg to imago in one year, on some host plants only in two years. Imaginal beetles feed on the bark of their host species. The species is very polyphagous and indicated by a variety of host species. Their natural hosts are mainly tree and shrub species of the genera Eucalyptus and Acacia , but also numerous others such as araucarias . They have been transferred to numerous cultivated plants imported to Australia, including grapevines ( Vitis vinifera ), citrus species and cultivated blueberries ( Vaccinium corymbosum ).
distribution
The species lives in eastern Australia and Tasmania .
Economic importance
Orthorhinus cylindrirostris is an agricultural and forestry pest . The species causes particularly great damage in the wine cultures of the Fleurieu Peninsula such as Langhorne Creek. The species can complete its development in dried, processed wood, but only infects fresh wood and is therefore not significant as a material pest.
Individual evidence
- ↑ K. Walker: Elephant weevil (Orthorhinus cylindrirostris). In: PaDIL. December 31, 2006.
- ^ Arthur M. Lea: Descriptions of new species of Australian Coleoptera. In: Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Vol. 22, No. 3, 1897, p. 623 ( scan from BHL Biodiversity Heritage Library ).
- ↑ E. Zimmerman: Australian Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) II: Brentidae, Eurhynchidae, Apionidae and a Chapter on Immature Stages by Brenda May. Csiro Publishing, 1994, ISBN 0-643-10561-1 , p. 623 ( restricted preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ oland Mecke, Christian Mille, Wolf Engels: Araucaria beetles worldwide: evolution and host adaptations of a multi-genus phytophagous guild of disjunct Gondwana derived biogeographic occurrence. In: Pró Araucária Online. 1, 2005, ISSN 1619-635X , pp. 1-18.
- ↑ Gregory Murdoch, Alan D. Clift, Sarah Mansfield: Adoption of Exotic Plants by an Endemic Australian Weevil, Orthorhinus cylindrirostris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). In: Environmental Entomology. 43, No. 5, 2014, pp. 1168–1173, doi : 10.1603 / EN14122 .
- ↑ Orthorhinus cylindrirostris . The Tasmanian Forest Insect Collection ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Steven Coventry: Elephant Weevil impact and control in vineyards - Stage 3: Regional Survey & Evaluation Trials of Elephant Weevil (Orthorhinus cylindrirostris) in the Langhorne Creek Grape Growing Area. Report to Grape and Vine Research and Development Corporation, 2004 ( download ( memento of the original from October 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove it Note. ).
- ↑ Greg Dunn, Bev Zurbo: Grape vine pests and Their Management. Factsheet, New South Wales Government Department of Primary Industries.
- ^ Norman K. Wallis: Australian Timber Handbook. Angus & Robertson, Sydney 1970, ISBN 0-207-12053-6 .
