Penology

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Penology or sanctions research , as a sub-area of criminology, is the science of sanctions and punishments . Penology in the narrower sense can be equated with prison research . The term New penology ( english new penology ) on the other hand to describe current forms of social control used.

Development of Penology

The forerunner of penology in the German-speaking area was the relatively well-developed prison studies as a doctrine of "prison institutions and life in them" and of the "enforcement of the educational penal system". The first systematic lectures on such prison studies were published in 1828 by Nikolaus Heinrich Julius .

The term poenology comes from the Latin poena ("torment, penance, punishment"), hence the earlier spelling poenology . Günther Kaiser suspects that the term was first used criminologically by Francis Lieber in his work A popular essay on subjects of penal law, and on uninterrupted solitary confinement (1838). Franz von Liszt regarded criminology and penology as equal tasks in criminal law. But the assumption that one must first know criminals before dealing with their appropriate treatment led to a neglect of penology in German-speaking criminology in favor of research that is oriented towards the perpetrators and the perpetrators. Until after the Second World War there was no systematic and empirical research on sanctions. That only changed during the Great Criminal Law Reform in the 1950s and 1960s.

Ancient penology

Research into prison sentences and custodial measures is at the core of conventional penology . Her central research problem is the fundamental “dilemma of the prison system”, which is based on diverging expectations that should be fulfilled at the same time, although they are mutually exclusive. On the one hand, society should be protected from dangerous criminals (safety aspect), on the other hand, the prisoners should be rehabilitated. The second goal, however, requires maintaining or practicing social behavior that can be unlearned in the prison system in the context of prisonization .

Further topics of penology (or sanction research ) are organizational-sociological questions of the prison system and prison prognosis research .

New penology

In contrast to this, the New Penology deals with techniques of identifying, classifying and managing population groups according to their presumed dangerousness. The topic of the new penology is therefore not the improvement of individuals, but "danger management". Its aim is not the “just punishment”, but exclusion through “justified imprisonment”.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Hans-Jürgen Kerner : Sanctions research, penology. In: Günther Kaiser , Hans-Jürgen Kerner, Fritz Sack , Hartmut Schellhoss (eds.): Small Criminological Dictionary (= UTB . 1274). 3rd, completely revised and enlarged edition. CF Müller, Heidelberg 1993, ISBN 3-8252-1274-2 , pp. 440-444.
  2. ^ Günther Kaiser: Kriminologie. A textbook. 3rd, completely revised and enlarged edition. CF Müller, Heidelberg 1996, ISBN 3-8114-6096-X , p. 242.
  3. ↑ Bernd Dollinger , Henning Schmidt-Semisch : Just Exclusion? Welfare production and the new pleasure in punishing. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2011, ISBN 978-3-531-17808-0 , p. 251.