Pınarbaşı (find place)

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Coordinates: 37 ° 29 ′ 38 ″  N , 33 ° 1 ′ 9 ″  E

Relief Map: Turkey
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Pınarbaşı​
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Turkey

Pınarbaşı (Turkish for source ) is an archaeological site in the Central Anatolian highlands , where the transition from Pleistocene hunter-gatherer groups to the first sedentary agrarian societies is being studied.

location

The site is located 24.5 km southeast of Çatalhöyük in the Turkish province of Konya , not far from the border with the province of Karaman on a peninsula in the former Lake Hotamış at the foot of the limestone hills of Bozdağ , a northwestern extension of the Karadağ . The site consists of a number of abrises and a tell . An Epipalaeolithic settlement site with graves was uncovered in one of the abrises , the first site from this period on the Central Anatolian plateau and as the oldest Central Anatolian site.

All in all, the people living here seem to have been very mobile and to have lived in light reed huts. In contrast, there was an extensive village settlement in the settlement hill (Tell).

Research history

The site was discovered by David French in the 1970s. In 1976 Catherine Perlès examined the silices. Trevor Watkins made some test cuts in 1994. Then it was excavated from the University of Liverpool from 2003 to 2005 under the direction of Douglas Baird .

chronology

The abrises were inhabited in the Epipalaeolithic, the tell settlement developed between 8600 and 8100 cal BC and was inhabited after a settlement interruption in the late Neolithic, from the Chalcolithic to the Early Bronze Age and in the Byzantine period. There is also a Byzantine inscription from one of the caves.

environment

The 9th millennium saw reforestation after the ice age dry season. At that time the mountain slopes were covered with steppe and forest steppe, the latter mainly consisting of almonds ( Amygdalus sp. ).

Abris

The microlithic stone industry consists mainly of gray, transparent obsidian , but flint also occurs in addition. Device manufacture on site has been proven. About 30% retouched devices were found, a very high percentage. Segments that are exceptionally large predominate among the microliths. They were made using the notch technique, but hardly any notch residues were found, which indicates that they were not produced. Rock (sandstone and slate) comes from the Taurus Mountains . Among other things, axes and arrow shaft straighteners were used, but only tiny splinters were found. Fish bones prove that the nearby Hotamış Lake was used for food supply. Among other things, wild almonds and the fruit of the terebinth were collected . Aurochs and equidae were hunted.

Whereabouts of the finds

The finds from the settlement mound are exhibited in the Niğde Archaeological Museum .

See also

literature

  • Douglas Baird, Denise Carruthers, Andrew Fairbairn, Jessica Pearson: Ritual in the landscape: evidence from Pınarbaşı in the seventh-millennium cal BC Konya Plain. In: Antiquity 85, 2011, pp. 380-394.
  • Andrew S. Fairbairn, Emma Jenkins, Douglas Baird, Geraldine Jacobsen: 9th millennium plant subsistence in the central Anatolian highlands: new evidence from Pınarbaşı, Karaman Province, central Anatolia. In: Journal of Archaeological Science 41, 2014, pp. 801-812. DOI: 10.1016 / j.jas.2013.09.024 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Douglas Baird, Eleni Asouti, Laurence Astruc, Adnan Baysal, Emma Baysal, Denise Carruthers, Andrew Fairbairn, Ceren Kabukcu, Emma Jenkins, Kirsi Lorentz, Caroline Middleton, Jessica Pearson, Anne Pirie: Juniper smoke, skulls and wolves' tails. The Epipalaeolithic of the Anatolian plateau in its South-west Asian context; insights from Pınarbaşı. In: Levant 45/2, 2013, p. 179.
  2. ↑ Douglas Baird, Eleni Asouti, Laurence Astruc, Adnan Baysal, Emma Baysal, Denise Carruthers, Andrew Fairbairn, Ceren Kabukcu, Emma Jenkins, Kirsi Lorentz, Caroline Middleton, Jessica Pearson, Anne Pirie: Juniper smoke, skulls and wolves' tails. The Epipalaeolithic of the Anatolian plateau in its South-west Asian context; insights from Pınarbaşı . Levant 45/2, 2013, p. 175.
  3. ↑ Mihriban Özbaşaran: The Neolithic on the plateau. In: Gregory McMahon, Sharon Steadman: The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia, 10,000–323 BCE. Oxford, Oxford University Press, November 2012, doi : 10.1093 / oxfordhb / 9780195376142.013.0005 , ISBN 9780195376142 .
  4. ↑ http://biaa.ac.uk/research/item/name/pinarbasi-excavations , accessed on August 25, 2015
  5. ↑ Gail Carlson, Christine Eslick, Lesley King, Richard P. Harper, Alan Hall, Stephen Mitchell, Sebastian Payne, Cathérine Perlès, Neil Roberts, Harry F. Russell, Gordon Hillman, DA Welsby, David French, David E. Williams, Jan Diamant, Steven Diamant, ARR Sheppard: Report of the Council of Management and the Director for 1976. In: Anatolian Studies 27, 1977, p. 12. JSTOR 3642651 , accessed August 25, 2015
  6. ^ Trevor Watkins: Excavations at Pınarbaşı: The Early Stages. In: Ian Hodder (Ed.): On the Surface: Çatalhöyük 1993-95 (= McDonald Institute Monographs 22), Cambridge, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, pp. 47-57.
  7. ^ Douglas Baird, The Boncuklu Project: the origins of sedentism, cultivation and herding in Central Anatolia. In: Anatolian Archeology 12, 2006, p. 13.
  8. ↑ Andrew S. Fairbairn, Emma Jenkins, Douglas Baird, Geraldine Jacobsen: 9th millennium plant subsistence in the central Anatolian highlands: new evidence from Pınarbaşı, Karaman Province, central Anatolia. In: Journal of Archaeological Science 41, 2014, p. 802. DOI: 10.1016 / j.jas.2013.09.024 .
  9. ^ The Year's Work . In: Anatolian Studies 45, 1995, p. 13. JSTOR 3642911 , accessed August 25, 2015.
  10. ↑ Eleni Asouti: Woodland vegetation and fuel exploitation at the prehistoric campsite of Pınarbaşı, south-central Anatolia, Turkey: The evidence from the wood charcoal macro-remains. In: Journal of Archaeological Science 30, 2003, pp. 1185-1201.
  11. ^ A b Douglas Baird: Pınarbaşı . Anatolian Archeology 11, 2005, p. 12.
  12. ^ Douglas Baird: Pınarbaşı. In: Anatolian Archeology 11, 2005, pp. 12-13.
  13. ↑ Douglas Baird, Eleni Asouti, Laurence Astruc, Adnan Baysal, Emma Baysal, Denise Carruthers, Andrew Fairbairn, Ceren Kabukcu, Emma Jenkins, Kirsi Lorentz, Caroline Middleton, Jessica Pearson, Anne Pirie: Juniper smoke, skulls and wolves' tails. The Epipalaeolithic of the Anatolian plateau in its South-west Asian context; insights from Pınarbaşı. In: Levant 45/2, 2013, p. 186.
  14. ↑ Douglas Baird, Eleni Asouti, Laurence Astruc, Adnan Baysal, Emma Baysal, Denise Carruthers, Andrew Fairbairn, Ceren Kabukcu, Emma Jenkins, Kirsi Lorentz, Caroline Middleton, Jessica Pearson, Anne Pirie: Juniper smoke, skulls and wolves' tails. The Epipalaeolithic of the Anatolian plateau in its South-west Asian context; insights from Pınarbaşı. In: Levant 45/2, 2013, p. 187.
  15. ↑ a b c Douglas Baird: Pınarbaşı. In: Anatolian Archeology 11, 2005, p. 13.