Pagoda snail
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Pagoda snail ( Pagodulina pagodula ) |
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| Pagodulina pagodula | ||||||||||||
| ( Des Moulins , 1830) |
The pagoda snail ( Pagodulina pagodula ) is a type of snail from the family of the barrel snail (Orculidae), which belongs to the subordination of the land snail (Stylommatophora).
features
The compact, cylindrical housing is 2.8 to 3.3 mm high and 1.8 to 2.2 mm wide (meadow: 4.5 to 6 × 2.3 to 2.5 mm). It has 7 to 8 well arched turns; the last turn rises in the last quarter towards the mouth. As a result, the top of the mouth almost reaches the seam of the penultimate turn. The edge of the mouth is closed, the mouth lip is bent outwards and very fragile. No teeth protrude into the mouth. A spindle fold and a long lamellar fold of the palate are formed very deep in the mouth. They are not visible from the mouth, but only after a piece of the mouth wall has broken out. The palate fold corresponds to a spiral furrow on the outside. The housing is comparatively thin-walled and translucent. It is pale yellowish brown or light horn brown in color. The surface is provided with close-fitting, strong and regular, lamellar-like ribs, which appear silky to the naked eye, especially when the case is fresh.
In the male part of the reproductive system, the spermatic duct enters the comparatively only moderately thickened epiphallus apically or slightly laterally. In the longitudinal section, a rudimentary flagellum is still formed internally at the proximal end of the epiphallus . The hostage-shaped blind sack ( caecum ) at the epiphallus / penis transition is very long and almost the length of the epiphallus. The retractor muscle is not fully centered in the proximal half of the epiphallus. Internally, the penis shows fold structures that are elongated or transverse to the longitudinal axis. Very small, tetragonal crystals are embedded in the lumen of the penis. The penis is longer than the epiphallus. In the female part, the vagina and free fallopian tube are about the same length, or the vagina is slightly shorter. Shortly after the branching off from the fallopian tube, the stalk of the spermathec is thickened into a bean-shaped gland attached to the side. The bladder is oblong-ovoid. A long, thin diverticulum branches off between the gland on the stalk of the spermathec and the bladder .
Geographical distribution and habitat
The species occurs very widely in Europe. One of the main occurrences extends from southern France to eastern France (Haute Garonne, Dordogne, Puy de Dome, Moselle, Haut Rhin, Savoie, Alsace). A second larger occurrence is in the Northern Alps from Berchtesgaden to the Vienna Woods. A third larger occurrence stretches from the Southeast Alps over the Balkans to Greece. There are also isolated occurrences in southern Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine, Hungary and southern Italy (Calabria). It is possible that this large distribution area z. T. based on incorrect determinations. For example, the alleged finds of this species in the Rhodope Mountains belong to the subspecies Pagodulina subdola brabeneci Hudec & Vasatko, 1971 of the southern pagoda snail. It is very likely that Pagodulina pagodula does not even occur in Bulgaria.
The species lives very hidden in damp, shady locations in forests, between rocks and limestone rubble in the leaf litter or between or in the rocks growing plant cushions on chalky subsoil.
Taxonomy and systematics
The taxon was first described in 1830 by Charles Desmoulins as Pupa pagodula . It is the type species of the genus Pagodulina Clessin, 1876. Currently, three subspecies are distinguished:
- Pagodulina pagodula altilis Klemm 1939, on the border of the Eastern Alps / Western Carpathians
- Pagodulina pagodula pagodula (Des Moulins 1830), France
- Pagodulina pagodula principalis Klemm 1939, Northeastern and West Carpathians
Danger
According to the IUCN, the species is not endangered. The species is extremely rare in Germany.
supporting documents
literature
- Klaus Bogon: Land snails biology, ecology, biotope protection. Natur Verlag, Augsburg, ISBN 3-89440-002-1 , p. 114f.
- Rosina Fechter, Gerhard Falkner: Mollusks. (= Steinbach's nature guide. 10). Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-570-03414-3 , p. 146.
- Edmund Gittenberger: Contributions to the knowledge of the Pupillacea VIII. Some about Orculidae. In: Zoologische Verhandelingen. 163, 1978, pp. 3-44. (PDF)
- Jürgen H. Jungbluth, Dietrich von Knore: Common names of land and freshwater mollusks in Germany (Gastropoda et Bivalvia). In: Mollusca. 26 (1), Dresden 2008, pp. 105–156. ISSN 1864-5127
- Michael P. Kerney, Robert AD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. Paul Parey, Hamburg / Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 , p. 103.
- Josef Harl, Helmut Sattmann, Anatolij A. Schileyko: Types of the Extant taxa of the landsnail genus Orcula Held 1837 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora, Orculidae). In: Archives for Molluscology. 140 (2), Frankfurt am Main 2011, pp. 175-199.
- Anatolij A. Schileyko: On the anatomy of Orculidae with special reference to the spermatophores (Gastropoda Pulmonata, Stylommatophora). In: Ruthenica. 22 (2), 2012, pp. 141–158. (PDF)
- Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 1. Achatinellidae, Amastridae, Orculidae, Strobilopsidae, Spelaeodiscidae, Valloniidae, Cochlicopidae, Pupillidae, Chondrinidae, Pyramidulidae. In: Ruthenica. Supplement 2 (1), Moscow 1998, pp. 1–126. ISSN 0136-0027
- Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. Planet Poster Ed., Göttingen 2012, ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 .
- Vollrath Wiese: Germany's land snails. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014, ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 , p. 84.
On-line
Individual evidence
- ↑ Atanas Irikov, Velin Mollov: Terrestrial gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). In: P. Beron (Ed.): Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of the Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft, Sofia 2006, pp. 753-832. (PDF)
- ^ Charles Des Moulins: Description d'une nouvelle espèce vivante de Pupa, du Périgord. In: Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux. 4, 1830, pp. 158-163 online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org
- ↑ Fauna Europaea: Pagodulina pagodula.
- ^ A b Walter Klemm: On the racial classification of the Pagodulina Clessin genus. In: Journal for Scientific Zoology, Department B, Archive for Natural History (Journal for Systematic Zoology) (New Series). 8 (2), Leipzig 1939, pp. 198-262.
- ↑ Orcula austriaca in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011.11. Posted by: G. Falkner, T. von Proschwitz, 2010. Accessed May 31, 2014.
- ↑ JH Jungbluth, D. von Knorre (with the assistance of U. von Bössneck, K. Groh, E. Hackenberg, H. Kobialka, G. Körnig, H. Menzel-Harloff, H.-J. Niederhöfer, S. Petrick, K Schniebs, V. Wiese, W. Wimmer, ML Zettler): Red list of internal mollusks [snails (Gastropoda) and mussels (Bivalvia)] in Germany. In: Communications from the German Malacoological Society. 81, Frankfurt am Main 2009, pp. 1–28. PDF ( Memento of the original from June 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (1.3 MB)
