Painscastle
| Painscastle | ||
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 Aerial view of the village of Painscastle, on the left the remains of the castle |
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| Alternative name (s): | Maudscastle | |
| Creation time : | 12th Century | |
| Conservation status: | Burgstall | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 6 '25.2 " N , 3 ° 13' 2.9" W | |
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Painscastle is a castle in Powys , Wales . The castle site, protected as a Scheduled Monument , is on the outskirts of the village of Painscastle about seven kilometers northwest of Hay-on-Wye .
history
A first castle was built after 1120 by the Anglo- Norman marcher Lord Pain FitzJohn to secure his conquests in the Welsh principality of Elfael and named after him. Because of its rectangular plan and the discovery of artifacts from Roman times, some historians suspect that the castle was built on the site of an ancient Roman fortification. After Pain FitzJohn fell in the fight against Welsh rebels in 1137, the rebellious Elfael fell under Welsh rule again and the castle was conquered and destroyed by Prince Madog from Idnerth. After the death of Einion o'r Porth, Prince of Elfael, in 1191, the Cantref was conquered by William de Braose . To protect his conquests he rebuilt Colwyn Castle and Painscastle again. During a siege by the Welsh in 1195, William's wife Maud de St Valery defended the castle so vigorously that the castle was also called Maud's Castle . In 1196 Lord Rhys defeated the forces of the Marcher Lords Roger Mortimer of Wigmore and Hugh de Say at the Battle of Radnor and then besieged Painscastle. The siege failed after de Braose concluded a truce with Lord Rhys. The castle was besieged again in July 1198. De Braose had captured the Welsh chief Trahaern Fychan von Brycheiniog on the way to negotiations in Llancors in Brecon in 1197 and had the Welshman mistreated and cruelly executed. This took Trahaern's cousin Gwenwynwyn , the Prince of Powys, as an opportunity to besiege Painscastle with warriors from Powys and Gwynedd. Gwenwynwyn tried to extend his power in Central and South Wales after the death of Lord Rhys, but after a three-week siege an English relief army under the royal justiciar Geoffrey fitz Peter appeared in front of the castle. On August 13, 1198, the English defeated the Welsh with minor losses in one of the bloodiest battles in Welsh history. Many Welsh people were killed while fleeing, but the decisive defeat caused Gwenwynwyn's expansion plans to fail. After de Braose's fall in 1208, the castle fell to King John , who had it occupied by the Welsh Gwallter from Einion Clud. In 1215 he took the side of de Braose's son Giles , who openly rebelled against the king. After the end of the rebellion, Gwallter was recognized by the king as the English Lord of Elfael, but after his death in 1222 his heir Roger Fychan submitted to the Welsh prince Llywelyn from Iorwerth , who had the castle destroyed.
During a campaign to Wales , the English King Henry III. Rebuild the castle in 1231 as a stone fortress by Hubert de Burgh . In 1233 the castle was given to Raoul V. de Toeni ( Tosny House ). One year after the death of his son Roger, the castle was conquered and destroyed by the Welsh men under Llywelyn ap Gruffydd in 1264 . Roger's son Ralph had the castle rebuilt after 1277. Through his daughter it fell in 1307 to Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick . In the 14th century the castle was abandoned and fell into disrepair. During the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr in 1401 the castle was reoccupied by an English garrison, but it was finally abandoned. It served as a quarry, the walls were removed except for small remains of the foundation. The castle site now belongs to a neighboring farm and can be visited on request.
investment
The castle was strategically located north of the Bachawy , a small tributary of the Wye . The castle, laid out as a moth with wood and earth fortifications, was expanded into a stone fortress after 1231. It consisted of a round keep on top of the Motte, which was surrounded by its own moat. To the north of the Motte there was a rectangular courtyard surrounded by a curtain wall and moat with at least two D-shaped towers and a gatehouse to the east, with an unusual wall outside the moat. Another Vorwerk was probably only provided with wooden fortifications. Today only the remains of the castle hill and the ramparts and moats remain from the castle. Hardly any remains of the walls and towers are left. The approximately 11 m high moth has a diameter of 22 m on the summit. The courtyard, which is still surrounded by mighty ramparts and moats, is around 60 m long.
Immediately to the east of the castle, the village of Painscastle was built in the 13th century on a small tributary to the Bachawy.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ancient Monuments: Pain's Castle. Retrieved December 5, 2013 .
- ^ Paul M. Remfry: The Castles of Radnorshire, Logaston Press, Little Logaston 1996. ISBN 978-1-873827-54-3
- ^ Robert R. Davies: The age of conquest. Wales, 1063-1415. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford 2000. ISBN 978-0-19-820878-5 , pp. 100f
- ↑ Coflein: Painscastle; Castell Paen, Site of Battle. Retrieved December 5, 2013 .
- ^ Paul Martin Remfry: Painscastle. Retrieved December 5, 2013 .
- ^ Adrian Pettifer: Welsh Castles. A Guide by Counties. Boydell & Brewer, Woodbridge 2000, ISBN 978-0-85115-778-8 , p. 180