Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick

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Seal of the 10th Earl of Warwick

Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick (* around 1272; † August 12, 1315 ) was an English magnate .

origin

Guy was a son of William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick and of Matilda (or Maud), a daughter of John Fitz Geoffrey and Isabel Bigod. His father had inherited the title of Earl of Warwick from his cousin in 1268 , and he named his eldest son after the legendary fictional character Guy of Warwick . After his father's death in 1298, he inherited his title and possessions, which included estates in 19 counties and in the Welsh Marches . The focus of his goods was around Warwick Castle in Warwickshire and Worcestershire .

Military under King Edward I.

Under King Edward I , he took part in the campaigns of the First Scottish War of Independence and other campaigns. As a reward, after the Battle of Falkirk in 1298, the king gave him lands in Scotland, through which he had an annual income of 1,000  marks . On September 10, 1299, he attended the wedding of the king with Margaret of France in Canterbury . In 1300 he was one of the besiegers of Caerlaverock Castle . At Easter 1301 he was one of the English negotiators who met with a French embassy in Canterbury to negotiate the release of the Scottish King John Balliol . From 1303 to 1304 he took part again in the campaign to Scotland, including the siege of Stirling Castle by Edward , the Prince of Wales. For his services he received numerous gifts from the king, most recently Barnard Castle in Durham in 1307 , which had previously belonged to John Balliol.

Member of the aristocratic opposition against King Edward II.

After the death of King Edward I, with whom he was present in July 1307, he quickly became an opponent of the rule of his son and successor Edward II. At the coronation on February 25, 1308 he wore like the Earls of Lancaster and Lincoln a ceremonial sword, but he rejected the king's changed policy towards Scotland because it endangered his possessions. Another source of tension may have been King Edward I's request that Warwick prevent the return of his son's close friend, Gaveston, who was exiled by him, but one of his son's first acts as king was to lift his exile Gaveston. Unlike most of the other earls, the Warwick seal is missing from the deed making Gaveston Earl of Cornwall, and Warwick was one of the barons who enforced Gaveston's exile in April 1308. Although the king gave him several gifts, including four confiscated goods of the Knights Templar in Warwickshire in December 1308 , there was no reconciliation between Warwick and the king. After Gaveston returned from exile in June 1309, tensions between the magnates and the king increased. Gaveston ridiculed Warwick as The Black Dog of Arden , whereupon Warwick, along with the Earls of Lancaster, Lincoln, Oxford and Arundel , stayed away from a royal council in October 1309 because Gaveston was present. Together with Lancaster, Hereford and Pembroke , he worked as one of the Lords Ordainer on a reform concept of the rule of the king, the so-called Ordinances . He was present at the proclamation of the ordinances on September 27, 1311 in St Paul's Cathedral in London. The magnates pushed through a final banishment of Gaveston, and when he met the king in York in early 1312 , there was a hunt for Gaveston. After this surrendered on May 19 at Scarborough Castle, he was escorted to southern England by the Earl of Pembroke, who had guaranteed his safety. However, when Pembroke briefly left his prisoner, Warwick had Gaveston seized in Deddington in Oxfordshire on June 10 and brought to Warwick Castle. There he was condemned as a traitor and executed after brief consultation by Warwick, Lancaster and Hereford. After this act of violence, England was on the brink of civil war until, after negotiations, a superficial reconciliation came about and the king also forgave Warwick in October 1313. Relations between the king and Warwick remained very tense and Warwick, like Lancaster and Arundel, was one of the magnates who refused to participate in the 1314 campaign against Scotland. As a result, he avoided the catastrophic defeat of the English army at the Battle of Bannockburn . After this defeat, the king had to leave the government to a royal council, which included Lancaster and other barons as well as Warwick. However, he died a few months later, allegedly he was poisoned on behalf of the king.

Beauchamp stands over the beheaded Gaveston. Representation from the 15th century

Aftermath, family and offspring

He was buried at Bordesley Abbey in Worcestershire, which had long been sponsored by his family. Warwick was considered wise and educated, and before his death he had bequeathed to the monastery his extensive collection of books, containing a large number of the life stories of saints. The 39 m high Guy's Tower , built in the 14th century and the second tallest tower of Warwick Castle, was named after him.

In 1297 he was engaged to Isabel de Clare , the eldest daughter of Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford and Alice de Lusignan . However, the marriage never took place. In early 1309 he had Alice, the widow of Thomas of Leyburn , who died in 1307, and daughter of Raoul VI. de Tosny married. He had several children with her, including:

He inherited his underage son Thomas, whom he named after his friend and ally Thomas Plantagenet, 2nd Earl of Lancaster. His widow married William la Zouche of Mortimer after his death .

Web links

Commons : Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Peter Coss: Beauchamp, William (IV) de, ninth earl of Warwick (c.1238-1298). In: Henry Colin Gray Matthew, Brian Harrison (Eds.): Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , from the earliest times to the year 2000 (ODNB). Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-861411-X , ( oxforddnb.com license required ), as of 2004
  2. ^ Shakespeare and History: Earl of Warwick. Retrieved July 8, 2015 .
  3. ↑ TimeRef Warwick Castle. Retrieved July 8, 2015 .
predecessor Office successor
William de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick
1298-1315 		Thomas de Beauchamp
personal data
SURNAME Beauchamp, Guy de, 10th Earl of Warwick
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Warwick, Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English nobleman
DATE OF BIRTH around 1272
DATE OF DEATH August 12, 1315