Palmyrenian Aramaic

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Inscription from Palmyra

The Palmyra is a ostaramäischer dialect mainly in Palmyra itself, but beyond that is also in the western parts of the Roman Empire as far away as Britain. Dated inscriptions range from 44 BC. Chr. To 274 AD. Over 4000 inscriptions are known, most of which are honorary, consecration and grave inscriptions. The dialect still has echoes of the earlier Imperial Aramaic . The lexicon is influenced by both Greek and partly Arabic. As the onomasticon of the city shows, many Arabs lived there. In addition to Greek and Latin names, there are also some Iranian names.

The written Palmyrenian was written in a rounded script that was later to have echoes of the Estrangelo .

In June 2014, the Palmyrenian script was included in the Unicode 7.0 standard as the Unicode block Palmyrenian (U + 10860 – U + 1087F).

literature

  • Klaus Beyer: Aramaic Language. Its Distribution and Subdivisions. Translated from the German by John F. Healey. Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen 1986, ISBN 3-525-53573-2 , pp. 27-28.
  • Jean Cantineau: Grammaire du palmyrénien épigraphique ( Publications de l'Institut d'Études Orientales de la Faculté des Lettres d'Alger 4). Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, Cairo 1935 [Reprint Zeller, Osnabrück 1987. ISBN 3-535-02423-4 ].
  • Eleonora Cussini: Additions to Palmyrene Aramaic Texts , in: Studi Epigrafici e Linguistici 19 (2002), 131-135.
  • Holger Gzella: A Cultural History of Aramaic. From the Beginnings to the Advent of Islam . Handbook of Oriental Studies I, 111. Brill, Leiden / Boston 2015, 248–256 ( Palmyra and Palmyrene Aramaic ). ISBN 978-90-04-28509-5
  • Delbert R. Hillers, Eleonora Cussini: Palmyrene Aramaic Texts ( Publications of the Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project ). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore / London 1996. ISBN 0-8018-5278-1
  • Finn O. Hvidberg-Hansen: The Palmyrene Inscriptions . Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen 1998. ISBN 87-7452-207-8
  • David GK Taylor: An Annotated Index of Dated Palmyrene Aramaic Texts, in: Journal of Semitic Studies 44 (2001), 203-219.
  • ḤBL Tadmor: Studies in Palmyrene Script and Language. Small studies on the language of the Old Testament and its environment 23. Hartmut Spenner Verlag, Kamen 2018. ISBN 978-3-89991-198-5

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Sebastian P. Brock: Greek and Latin Words in Palmyrene Inscriptions: A Comparison with Syriac, in: Eleonora Cussini (Ed.): A Journey to Palmyra. Collected Essays to Remember Delbert R. Hillers (= Culture and History of the Ancient Near East 22). Brill, Leiden 2005, 11-25; Holger Gzella: The Palmyrenians in the Greco-Roman world. Cultural encounter in the mirror of language contact, in: Klio 87 (2005), 445–458; Ders .: Aramaic in the Roman eastern provinces. Language situations in Arabia, Syria and Mesopotamia during the imperial era, in: Bibliotheca Orientalis 63 (2006), 15–39.
  2. ↑ Mohammed Maraqten: The Arabic Words in Palmyrene Inscriptions, in: ARAM 7 (1995), 89-108.
  3. ^ Jürgen Kurt Stark: Personal Names in Palmyrene Inscriptions. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1971; on this Ronald Zwanziger: Onomastica Palmyrenoiranica. On a book by JK Stark., In: Die Sprache 21 (1975), 195-200.
  4. ↑ Unicode 7.0.0. Unicode Consortium, June 16, 2014, accessed June 17, 2014 .