Paper museum in Duszniki-Zdrój
The Museum of Papermaking in Duszniki-Zdrój ( Muzeum Papiernictwa ) was founded in 1968 by the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Duszniki-Zdrój ( Bad Reinerz ) in Poland . It is located in a former paper mill from the 16th century and is located on the Reinerzer Weistritz ( Bystrzyca Dusznicka ). The museum is an important center for research into the history of papermaking. It holds exhibitions on the history of paper.
History of the paper mill
The tradition of paper scooping in Reinerz / Duszniki goes back to the 16th century. The paper mill was first mentioned in writing in 1562 when the then owner Ambrosius Tepper sold it to the paper manufacturer Nikolaus Kretschmer from Saxony . The first paper mill was destroyed by the floods of 1601. It was then rebuilt and paper making was resumed in 1605. It was famous for the production of mite-free hand-made paper , which was used, among other things, for the documents of the Holy Roman Empire . The founder Georg ( Gregorius ) Kretschmer was ennobled by Emperor Rudolf II with the addition of "von Schenkendorf". In 1706 his descendants sold the mill to the Bohemian Heller family. It was owned by the Wiehr family since 1822. Production was stopped in 1937. The last owner of the paper mill left the property to the city of Reinerz in 1939 with the intention of setting up a regional technology museum in the buildings. This did not happen because of the outbreak of World War II.
building
The paper mill building from the 16th century represents one of the most valuable industrial architectural monuments in Europe. It consists of two buildings erected along the Weistritz, which were connected to one another. The actual mill is bricked in the lower part and consists of half-timbering in the upper part . The baroque volute gable on the west side is made of wood. The characteristic gable roof is covered with shingles . The ornamental painting of the ceilings and walls inside dates from the 18th century. It was uncovered in 1971–1975 and restored in the original polychromy . The drying building next to it consists of a boarded wooden structure. The entrance pavilion was built in 1709 and connected to the mill building by a footbridge.
Paper making museum
After the Second World War, the paper mill stood abandoned and neglected for several years. The first conservation measures were carried out in 1962 by the state preservation authorities. On July 26, 1968, part of the Museum of Papermaking was opened. Three years later, the paper scooping system was put into operation, with which the traditional production of handmade paper is demonstrated for the visitors. The performance soon became an attraction that thousands of schoolchildren and tourists visit every year. In the flood of 1998, the paper scoop was badly damaged. The rushing water washed away the foundation of the paper drying plant and left behind vast amounts of mud and dirt. The consequences of the flood were remedied with funds from the Polish government. In the years 2007-2008 the sightseeing route was redesigned and adapted to the needs of disabled people.
A paper festival has been held in the museum every year since 2001. It is a folk festival-like event to disseminate knowledge about the history and importance of papermaking, printing, bookbinding and contemporary art.
In 2016 the museum was awarded the special prize of the Silesian Culture Prize of Lower Saxony .
Permanent exhibition
It is the only surviving facility in Poland that is still functioning today and one of the few objects of its kind in Central Europe. You can see:
- The exemplary restored, clapboard roofed building of the paper factory; a worldwide unique monument to technology;
- Show production of handmade handmade paper: "Holländer", a device for crushing the cellulose mass, scoop tubs, sieves, presses etc .;
- Exhibition on the development of papermaking techniques, including sheets of watermarked paper, old ladle screens, miniatures of the paper plants and one of the world's largest collections of devices for examining paper properties;
- Exhibition on the history of printing;
- Exhibition with the original, large-scale papermaking equipment;
- Garden with fiber plants useful for making paper.
Additional offers:
- Visitors can make a sheet of paper by hand;
- Museum lessons are organized on site for organized groups of visitors;
- individual visitors can take part in a workshop on paper making.
The museum shop offers:
- Watercolor paper, drawing paper, printing paper and writing paper in all sizes up to A2 format;
- Art paper, decorated with flowers and herbs typical of the Glatzer country;
- hand-set and printed business cards, stationery and other products in all sizes up to A3;
- special poetry albums, published in small editions;
- On special order handmade paper with an individual watermark according to the draft or the customer's idea.
literature
- Wilhelm Hohaus : The paper production in the county of Glatz . In: Quarterly journal for the history and local history of the County of Glatz, 1886
- F. Hössle: Old paper mills in the province of Silesia . In: The paper manufacturer, 1935
- Dehio Handbook of Art Monuments in Poland, Silesia , Munich / Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X , pp. 272–273.
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 12-13.
- W. Tomaszewska: Historia zabytkowej papierni w Dusznikach . In: Przegląd Papierniczy, XV / 11, 1959
- W. Tomaszewska: Z dziejów zabytkowej papierni w Dusznikach . In: Przegląd Papierniczy, XXII / 5, 1966
- W. Tomaszewska: O papierze, który zyskał miano wiecznotrwałego . In: Przegląd Papierniczy, XXIV / 8, 1968
- Teresa Windyka: Młyn papierniczy w Dusznikach . In: Muzealnictwo, 41/1999
- Rocznik Muzeum Papiernictwa , No. 1–7, Duszniki-Zdrój 2007–2013, ISSN 1897-7685 ,
- Jan Bałchan, Maciej Szymczyk, Teresa Windyka: Młyn papierniczy w Dusznikach-Zdroju , Duszniki-Zdrój 2011, ISBN 978-83-62013-96-8 , ISBN 978-83-60990-12-4 .
Web links
- Museum homepage (German)
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 50 ° 24 ′ 16.2 " N , 16 ° 23 ′ 43.7" E