Paratyphoid
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| A01.1 | Paratyphoid A. |
| A01.2 | Paratyphoid B |
| A01.3 | Paratyphoid C |
| A01.4 | Paratyphoid, unspecified |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
As paratyphoid is called an attenuated clinical picture of fever , in which the pathogen is not Salmonella Typhi , but Salmonella paratyphi A, B or C. A and C are predominantly found in warmer climates, while B is common worldwide. Paratyphus is a generalized infection , the causative agent of which was discovered in 1901 by Hugo Schottmüller (Salmonella paratyphi A). The illness is notifiable. The calf paratyphoid is caused by Salmonella Enteritidis .
Pathogenesis
The pathogen is excreted in the stool of the sick . The infection occurs orally mostly through contaminated food, but also through drinking water or smear infection . The incubation period is 1 to 2 weeks.
Symptoms
The symptoms (previously differentiated into paratyphus abdominalis and gastroenteritis paratyphosa) are similar to those of typhoid :
- Fatigue, headache
- Typical skin rash ( roseoles ) in the chest and stomach area
- Stepped rise in fever
- After about eight days, persistent high fever (40 to 41 ° C), sometimes for weeks.
- Diarrhea at the beginning of the disease and colic
- Complications: impaired consciousness, spleen swelling, intestinal perforations, hair loss, bone suppuration, meningitis
- Gradual decrease in fever with long convalescence
diagnosis
The diagnosis is carried out in the first and second week of the disease using a blood culture , from the second week the pathogens can be detected in the stool . There is a significant increase in antibodies .
therapy
Administration of antibiotics is required for a period of two weeks. To check the success of the therapy, the stool is examined for salmonella. Some patients develop into permanent excretors .
Reporting requirement
Paratyphoid fever must be reported to the responsible health authority in Germany in accordance with Section 6 of the Infection Protection Act (IfSG) in the event of suspicion, illness or death (44 infections in Germany in 2017, 29 cases in 2018, 36 cases in 2019). Even those who withdraw are subject to residence bans in communal facilities and the management of the communal facilities must notify the health department (see Section 34, Paragraphs 3 and 4 IfSG).
In Austria, suspected illnesses and deaths are notifiable in accordance with Section 1 of the 1950 Epidemic Act . Those who are eliminated must be reported in accordance with Section 2 (2) of the 1950 Epidemic Act.
In Switzerland there are extensive reporting obligations after a positive laboratory analysis result. This results from Annex 1 of the Ordinance of the FDHA on the reporting of observations of communicable diseases in humans .
literature
- Manfred Bornemann: Paratyphus in the district area. 50 years ago part of the district became a restricted area. In: Today and then - 2001 (= 9th year book of the Nordhausen district). Neukirchner Publishing House, 2001.
- Typhus abdominalis, paratyphoid . RKI Guide to Infectious Diseases - Leaflets for Doctors. Status 05/2007
Web links
- Paratyphus - information from the Robert Koch Institute
Individual evidence
- ↑ Werner Köhler : Infectious diseases. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , pp. 667-671, here: p. 670.
- ↑ Karl Wurm, AM Walter: Infectious Diseases. In: Ludwig Heilmeyer (ed.): Textbook of internal medicine. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1955; 2nd edition ibid 1961, pp. 9-223, here: pp. 134-136.
- ↑ Karl Wurm, AM Walter: Infectious Diseases. In: Ludwig Heilmeyer (ed.): Textbook of internal medicine. 1961, pp. 131, 134 f. and 145.
