Present participle Active
The present active participle , PPA for short (not to be confused with the perfect active participle ), is a special verb form . The PPA expresses a certain time relationship: simultaneity .
The PPA form expresses that a certain activity takes place simultaneously with the predicate of the corresponding sentence, regardless of the tense in which it is used.
Example in Latin :
- In the Latin language go the endings that to the -nt be appended after Mischdeklination (except the participles are adjectives used, as it is in the ablative singular -i instead of -e).
| Latin | German | meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Barbari accedunt canentes. | The barbarians approach singing. | The barbarians come up and sing. |
| Barbari accesserunt canentes. | The barbarians came singing. | The barbarians came up and sang. |
In the German grammar, the PPA corresponds to the participle .
Formation of the present participle active
Present stem + identifier (-nt) + ending of the mixed or consonantic declension , in the nominative shortened to (-ns).
Examples:
- a- Conjugation : vocare = to call ⇒ voca-ns = to call
- e-Conjugation: monere = mahnen ⇒ mone-ns = mahnend
- i-Conjugation: audire = to hear ⇒ audi-e-ns = to hear
- Consonantic or mixed conjugation: mittere = send ⇒ mitt-e-ns = send
- short vocal i-conjugation: capere = grasp ⇒ capi-e-ns = grasp
- Special form: ire = going ⇒ ie-ns = going
translation to German
Latin example: Lucius arcas ferrens per Romam currit.
- Literally: Lucius hurries through Rome carrying boxes. or Lucius carrying boxes hurries through Rome.
- With an adverbial sentence : Lucius rushes through Rome while carrying boxes. Or: Lucius is rushing through Rome because he is carrying boxes.
- With a relative clause : Lucius, carrying boxes, hurries through Rome.
- With an assignment : Lucius rushes through Rome carrying boxes.
- With a prepositional expression , whereby the participle is substantiated : While carrying boxes, Lucius hurries through Rome.