Partisans (faction of the PVA)
Partisans (pol. Partyzanci ) is the name for the informal faction of the Polish United Workers' Party (pol. Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza; abbreviation PZPR ). The faction was created around 1960. Its main founders were Mieczysław Moczar and General Grzegorz Korczyński . The faction's name has its origins in the past of Moczar and Korczyński during the German occupation of Poland , in which both led partisan divisions , and also refers to the ethos of the combatants .
Formation of the faction
Mieczysław Moczar, as deputy minister and later as minister of the interior, had gathered around him a group of party and state officials from the middle and lower levels as well as former soldiers of the Armia Ludowa ( German People's Army ). Together with Korczyński, Moczar also began to rally younger functionaries who were mainly nationalist and who had no chance of promotion due to the blockade of filling positions by the older generation. Those of them who, given their young age , could not take part in the fight against the German occupiers, were called "patriots". Since September 1964, as chairman of the Association of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy , Moczar has also used this to achieve his goals. Over time, Moczar and Korczyński were recognized by members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party ( pol. Biuro Polityczne KC PZPR ) such as Zenon Kliszko and Ryszard Strzelecki . With the faction of the "partisans" were u. a. the generals Grzegorz Korczyński, Franciszek Szlachcic , Teodor Kufel , Jan Czapla , Mieczysław Róg-Świostek , Tadeusz Pietrzak , Colonel Marian Janic and others. Among the supporters at one point was the then Chief of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces , General Wojciech Jaruzelski .
ideology
The "partisans" proclaimed their own ethos for the combatants, which was characterized by radical nationalism ( chauvinism ). This chauvinism was mainly directed against the Germans , the Ukrainians , and later also against the Jews . According to the members of the "Natolińczycy" faction, the latter was assigned the decisive role in the Stalinist repression in Poland . The “partisans” secretly directed their hostility against Soviet citizens . The “partisans” opposed the communists who fought in partisan wars with the communists who had arrived with the Soviet armed forces. The group introduced themselves as national communists.
The basis for the ideology of the "partisans" were numerous publications on the struggles of the communist partisans, in particular " Barwy walki " by Moczar.
Purposes of the group
Officially, the "partisans" were loyal to the PVAP party leader Władysław Gomułka , but unofficially, the opinion was expressed that he should be replaced by someone more energetic and younger.
Indeed, the Group's aim was to intensify relations with the Polish United Workers' Party. This was linked to the intention of removing the older generation of functionaries, especially those of Jewish origin, from their posts. For this they used anti-Semitism and postulates of the struggle with cosmopolitanism , which was opposed to patriotism . The support of people of Jewish origin for Israel during the Six Day War in 1967 and the participation of the children of some functionaries in the student opposition movement were also exaggerated. The actions of the “partisans” were mainly directed against the other members of the “Puławianie” group. It is not entirely clear whether the “partisans” were trying to overthrow Gomułka or to secure Moczar's second person position in the party. The high point of the importance of the "partisans" were the anti-Semitic purges in the party and in the state institutions after March 1968 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Eisler, Jerzy .: Zarys dziejów politycznych Polski: 1944-1989 . Wyd. 1st edition. Polska Oficyna Wydawn. "BGW", Warszawa 1992, ISBN 83-7066-208-0 .
- ↑ a b c Lipiński, Piotr., Eisler, Jerzy .: Dekady . Agencja Autorska Zetzet, Warszawa 2006, ISBN 83-60334-19-6 .