Zenon Kliszko

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Zenon Kliszko (1959)

Zenon Kliszko (born December 8, 1908 in Łódź , † September 4, 1989 in Warsaw ) was a politician in the People's Republic of Poland , who was among other things secretary of the Central Committee between 1957 and 1970 and a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Polish United States from 1959 to 1970 Workers' party PZPR ( Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza ) was.

Life

Beginning of political career and Warsaw Uprising

Kliszko, who came from a working-class family, joined the Communist Youth Association KZMP ( Komunistyczny Związek Młodzieży Polskiej ) in 1925 and began studying at the Faculty of Journalism and Political Science at the University of Warsaw after attending school . In 1931 he became a member of the then Communist Party of Poland KPP (Komunistyczna Partia Polski) and in 1942 of the Polish Workers' Party PPR ( Polska Partia Robotnicza ) , for which he worked as an editor of underground publications. On January 6, 1942, he was also one of the founders of the People's Guard ( Gwardia Ludowa ) and took from August 1 to October 3, 1944 as a lieutenant of the People's Army ( Armia Ludowa ) at the Warsaw Uprising in part. In 1944 he became a member of the State National Council ( Krajowa Rada Narodowa ) and was a member of it until 1947. In addition, between 1944 and 1948 he was head of the personnel department of the Central Committee of the Polish Workers' Party.

Party official and MP in the People's Republic of Poland

After the end of the war, Kliszko was a member of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the PPR from 1945 to 1948 and also became a member of the Constituent Parliament (Sejm Ustawodawczy) in 1947 . After the establishment of the Polish United Workers' Party PZPR ( Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza ) in December 1948, he became a member. In 1949 he also became a candidate for the Central Committee of the PZPR. In November 1949 he was released from the Central Committee and arrested as a close associate of Władysław Gomułka with this and the former Deputy Defense Minister Marian Spychalski for "right-wing nationalist deviations", whereupon he was imprisoned until 1954.

After his release first Kliszko worked in academic publishing ( Polish Scientific Publishers PWN ) and was then from August 1956 to January 1957 Vice-Minister of Justice before it during the Polish October after the election of Gomulka the PZPR First Secretary of the Central Committee on 21 October 1956 Member of the ZK of the PZPR became. In the election of January 20, 1957, he was elected a member of the Sejm and belonged to it until February 1971. During this time he was between February 20, 1957 and February 13, 1971 also Vice Sejm Marshal (Wicemarszałek Sejmu) and thus Deputy Speaker of Parliament.

In 1957 Kliszko became secretary of the PZPR Central Committee and held this position until December 1970. At the same time he was on the III. PZPR party congress from March 10 to 19, 1959, was elected a member of the Central Committee's Politburo, to which he also belonged until December 1970. He also acted as chairman of the Central Committee for Ideology between 1963 and 1970. In this function, he ordered the expulsion of Leszek Kołakowski from the PZPR at the end of October 1966 , after he had attacked the party leadership around Gomułka without further ado and head-on. When an anti-Semitic campaign broke out in Poland in the wake of the March riots in 1968 , he complained: “An atmosphere of struggle against Zionism is artificially maintained. Jews are equated with Zionists. ”Kliszko then decided to“ remove anti-Zionism from the agenda of party propaganda ”. In July 1970, he took part in a summit of the Warsaw Pact member states with the First Secretary of the Central Committee of Gomułka, the Chairman of the State Council Spychalski and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers Józef Cyrankiewicz . In December 1970 he was briefly chairman of the PZPR parliamentary group in the Sejm.

After the workers' uprising from December 14 to 22, 1970 , Kliszko initially lost his membership in the Politburo and Central Committee Secretariat, before he was also removed from the PZPR Central Committee in February 1971. In addition to the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the PZPR Gomułka and Kliszko as Central Committee Secretary for Ideology, the chairman of the CRZZ trade union confederation Ignacy Loga-Sowiński and the Central Committee Secretary for Economy Bolesław Jaszczuk were responsible for the reasons and the suppression of the workers' uprising made.

honors and awards

For his services in the People's Republic of Poland, Kliszko was honored several times and received, among other things, the Warsaw Medal 1939 to 1945 (Medal za Warszawę 1939-1945) , 1959 the Order of the Grünwald Cross (Order Krzyża Grunwaldu) second class and 1964 the order Builder of People's Poland (Order Budowniczych Polski Ludowej) .

Publications

  • O statucie Polskiej Partii Robotniczej. Unit wygłoszony na 1 zjezdzie PPR , Warsaw 1946
  • Z problemów historii PPR , Warsaw 1958
  • Powstanie warszawskie: Artykuły, przemówienia, wspomnienia dokumenty , Warsaw 1969
in German language
  • The Warsaw Uprising: Memories and Reflections , Berlin / Frankfurt am Main 1969

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The switchman of Warsaw . In: Der Spiegel from November 24, 1949
  2. ↑ POLAND: Mutiny on the Baltic Sea . In: Der Spiegel from September 12, 1951
  3. ↑ OSTBLOCK / WARSAW: O Poland, your QuaI! . In: Der Spiegel from October 31, 1956
  4. ↑ POLAND: Slaughter a chicken . In: Der Spiegel of November 7, 1966
  5. ↑ PHILOSOPHEN / KOLAKOWSKI: Rest of attention . In: Der Spiegel from May 26, 1969
  6. ↑ POLAND / OPPOSITION: little eyes under the bandage . In: Der Spiegel from September 9, 1968
  7. ↑ Eastern bloc internally. Part 2: continuation and conclusion . In: Der Spiegel from August 31, 1970
  8. ↑ POLAND: This shame . In: Der Spiegel from June 28, 1971
personal data
SURNAME Kliszko, Zenon
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish politician, member of the Sejm
DATE OF BIRTH December 8, 1908
PLACE OF BIRTH Łódź
DATE OF DEATH 4th September 1989
Place of death Warsaw