Passional

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The Passional is a collection of rhyming Middle High German saints legends . It was written in the 13th century close to the literature of the Teutonic Order .

structure

The 'Passional' consists of three books: 1. The life of Mary , the life of Jesus and the passion story , 2. Legends of the apostles , 3. Legends of the saints , arranged according to the annual liturgical calendar (beginning on December 6th = Nicholas ).

templates

The most important source from which the collection drew is the Latin ' Legenda aurea ' by Jacobus de Voragine . However, the exact relationships have not yet been satisfactorily clarified.

Objective and target group

The text is written in Middle High German. Since many of the friars of the Teutonic Order were ignorant of Latin and illiterate, the Passional also served as a table reading or as sermons, which were also communicated to the people. It should both encourage contemplation and give examples of Christian role models. Great importance was attached to the veneration of the Virgin Mary , since the Teutonic Order had chosen Mary as patron saint. In the High Middle Ages, there was a strong increase in the worship of the Mother of God, who in the Marian legends of the Old Passional often stood as an advocate or mediator between God and man.

author

The author is unknown. It concerns a clergyman with a high level of education, who presumably was a member of the Teutonic Order and should have written this work on behalf of one of his superiors. Investigations of the rhyming language have led to the conclusion that it could have come from Thuringia, even if the 'Passional' was written in the religious state . He may also be the author of what is known as the 'Fathers Book' , a collection of stories about holy hermits .

Digital copies and text editions

Passionäel - first edition 1492 in the complete catalog of incandescent prints (GW number M11503)
Passionäel - Edition 1499 in the complete catalog of incandescent prints (GW number M11506)
  • The old Passional. Edited by KA Hahn. New edition Frankfurt a. M. 1857 [1. Book].
  • Hans-Georg Richert (Ed.): Marian legends from the Old Passional. (ATB 64), Tübingen 1965. [2. Book]
  • The Passional, a collection of legends from the thirteenth century . Edited by Friedrich Karl Köpke. Quedlinburg, Leipzig 1852 (ND Amsterdam 1966). [3. Book]
  • Severin Rüttgers (ed.): The holy life and suffering called otherwise the Passional. 2 volumes, winter part and summer part. Leipzig, 1913 (The edition includes 167 illustrations based on the woodcuts of the Lübeck print from 1492; Volume 2 contains an afterword by the editor on the genesis of the work and the woodcuts as well as a calendar index and a list of names.)
  • Annegret Haase, Martin Schubert and Jürgen Wolf (eds.): Passional. Book I: Marienleben, Book II: Apostle legends, 2 vols. (German texts of the Middle Ages 91, 1.2), Berlin 2013.

literature

Web links