Pentanchidae

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Pentanchidae
Spotted shark (Galeus melastomus)

Spotted shark ( Galeus melastomus )

Systematics
Subclass : Euselachii
Subclass : Plate gill (Elasmobranchii)
without rank: Sharks (selachii)
Superordinate : Galeomorphii
Order : Ground Sharks (Carcharhiniformes)
Family : Pentanchidae
Scientific name
Pentanchidae
Smith , 1912

The Pentanchidae are a species-rich family of small sharks , currently about 90 described species, of the order of the ground sharks (Carcharhiniformes). The family was established in 1912 by the American ichthyologist Hugh McCormick Smith with the first description of the single-fin cat shark ( Pentanchus profundicolus ) and assigned to the Hexanchiformes because of the lack of the first dorsal fin . His British colleague Charles Tate Regan assigned Pentanchus profundicolus to the cat sharks (Scyliorhinidae) in the same year , making the Pentanchidae family no longer valid.

In 1988 the shark expert Leonard Compagno divided the cat sharks into two subfamilies, the Pentanchinae and the Scyliorhininae, based on the skull morphology, but abandoned this subdivision in later publications. However, both morphological and studies based on DNA analyzes showed that the cat sharks are not a monophylum. In 2005 the Pentanchidae were therefore revalidated again by Iglésias, Lecointre and Sellos.

features

The species of the Pentanchidae are slender sharks which, depending on the species, can reach a length of 16 cm ( Parmaturus campechiensis ) to 90 cm ( Apristurus exsanguis , Asymbolus analis and Galeus melastomus ). Most species are about half a meter long. Like cat sharks, they have two dorsal fins (with the exception of Pentanchus profundicolus ) and two anal fins. In the Pentanchidae and the cat sharks, however, in contrast to all other shark families, it is far behind, at the level of the pelvic fins or just behind. A spray hole as well as a spiral casing are available. The only morphological feature that distinguishes the Pentanchidae from the cat sharks is the lack of a supraorbital ridge, a cartilage ridge above the eyes.

The following cladogram shows the position of the Pentanchidae within the basic sharks and the basal position of the dogfish. "
  Carcharhiniformes   

 Cat sharks (Scyliorhinidae)


   

 False cat sharks (Proscylliidae)


   

 Pseudotriakidae


   

 Smooth sharks (Triakidae)


   

 Requiem sharks (Carcharhinidae)




   

 Pentanchidae


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Genera and species

Apristurus brunneus
Ghost deepwater cat shark ( Apristurus manis )
Deepwater cat shark ( Apristurus profundorum )
Australian spotted dogfish ( Asymbolus analis )
Asymbolus parvus
Rough-tailed dogfish ( Galeus arae )
Atlantic sawtail shark ( Galeus atlanticus )
Slender sawtail dogfish ( Galeus gracilis )
Blacktip sawtail dogfish ( Galeus sauteri )
Quagga dogfish ( Halaelurus quagga )
Izak dogfish ( Holohalaelurus regani )
Hedge- tailed dogfish ( Parmaturus xaniurus )
Single fin dogfish ( Pentanchus profundicolus )

There are 8 genera and around 90 species:

literature

  • Samuel P. Iglésias, Guillaume Lecointre, Daniel Y. Sellos: Extensive paraphylies within sharks of the order Carcharhiniformes inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34 (2005) 569-583, PDF

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Catalog of Fishes: Species by Family / Subfamily
  2. ^ HM Smith, 1912: Description of a new notidanoid shark from the Philippine Islands representing a new family. Scientific results of the Philippine cruise of the Fisheries steamer "Albatross," 1907-10 .-- No. 14.]. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 41 (1872): 489-491, Pl. 42. online
  3. ↑ JG Maisey, 1984: Higher elasmobranch phylogeny and biostratigraphy. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 82, 33-54
  4. ↑ CJ Winchell, AP Martin, J. Mallatt, 2004: Phylogeny of elasmobranchs based on LSU and SSU ribosomal RNA genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31 (2004), pp. 214–224, PDF ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.science.fau.edu
  5. ↑ a b c d S. P. Iglésias, G. Lecointre & DY Sellos, 2005: Extensive paraphylies within sharks of the order Carcharhiniformes inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 34: 569-583.
  6. ↑ Parmaturus campechiensis on Fishbase.org (English)
  7. ↑ Apristurus exsanguis on Fishbase.org (English)
  8. ↑ Asymbolus analis on Fishbase.org (English)
  9. ↑ Galeus melastomus on Fishbase.org (English)
  10. ^ Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons , Hoboken NJ 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .

Web links