Requiem sharks

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Requiem sharks
A young tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier)

A young tiger shark ( Galeocerdo cuvier )

Systematics
Subclass : Euselachii
Subclass : Plate gill (Elasmobranchii)
without rank: Sharks (selachii)
Superordinate : Galeomorphii
Order : Ground Sharks (Carcharhiniformes)
Family : Requiem sharks
Scientific name
Carcharhinidae
Jordan & Evermann , 1896

The requiem sharks (Carcharhinidae) form a family of sharks (Selachii) belonging to the order of the basic sharks (Carcharhiniformes ). Sometimes they are also referred to as human sharks or gray sharks , although the latter term is also used for the family of the comb- toothed sharks , or they are called ground sharks after the name of the order . Requiem sharks are found worldwide in all marine waters of tropical and temperate latitudes and can also be found in brackish water , for example off river mouths, and fresh water. Its scientific name is derived from the Greek karcharos , "sharp" and rhis (genitive rhinos ), "nose". The current German name comes from the American, by folk etymology from the French word requin for "shark"

Appearance and characteristics

Mostly between one and seven to eight meters long, gray-brown colored Requiem Sharks have an anal fin and two dorsal fins, the front of which is larger than the rear, and are also characterized by five gill slits, round eyes with special eyelids and blade-like single-pointed teeth.

Way of life

Requiem sharks are strong swimmers and predatorily feed on a variety of fish , including other sharks, as well as octopuses , crustaceans , turtles, and marine mammals such as seals, and the occasional seabird . The females are viviparous.

Tribal history

The closest relatives of the group are probably the weasel sharks (Hemigaleidae). The first fossils known from the geological period of the Paleocene are Abdounia and Danogaleus , among others discovered in the Ouled Abdoun Basin in Morocco .

Systematics

A blue shark

One differentiates in the family a total of twelve genera with over 50 species, of which the genus Carcharhinus with 35 species is the largest. The blacktip reef shark ( Carcharhinus melanopterus ) is placed in these .

literature

  • Kurt Fiedler: Textbook of Special Zoology, Volume II, Part 2: Fish , Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1991, ISBN 3-334-00339-6
  • Joseph S. Nelson: Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7

Web links

Commons : Requiem Sharks  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Erik Tierney: Requiem Shark (English) ( Memento of the original from September 7, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . The correct derivation is probably from the Frz. of Normandy (e) chien de mer ("sea dog"). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.allaboutstuff.com
  2. ↑ Abdelmajid Noubhani and Henri Cappetta: Les Orectolobiformes, Carcharhiniformes et Myliobatiformes (Elasmobranchii, Neoselachii) des bassins à phosphate du Maroc (Maastrichtien-Lutétien basal). Systématique, biostratigraphie, évolution et dynamique des faunes. Palaeo Ichthyologica 8, 1997, pp. 1-327
  3. ↑ a b William T. White: A redescription of Carcharhinus dussumieri and C. sealei, with resurrection of C. coatesi and C. tjutjot as valid species (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae). Zootaxa 3241: 1-34 (2012)
  4. ↑ William T. White & Simon Weigmann: Carcharhinus humani sp. nov., a new whaler shark (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) from the western Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 3821 (1): 71-87 (2014)
  5. ↑ LJV Compagno, WT White, PR Last: Glyphis garricki sp. nov., a new species of river shark (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) from northern Australia and Papua New Guinea, with a redescription of Glyphis glyphis (Müller & Henle, 1839) . In: PR Last, WT White, JJ Pogonoski (Ed.): Descriptions of new Australian Chondrichthyans . CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, 2008, ISBN 978-1-921424-18-2 , pp. 203-226 .
  6. ↑ LJV Compagno, WT White, RD Cavanagh: Glyphis fowlerae sp. nov., a new species of river shark (Carcharhiniformes; Carcharhinidae) from northeastern Borneo. In: PP Last, WT White, JJ Pogonoski (Ed.): Descriptions of new sharks and rays from Borneo. (CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper no. 32), pp. 29-44. ( Full text ; PDF; 7.6 MB)
  7. Jump up ↑ WT White, PP Last, GJP Naylor, M. Harris: Resurrection and redescription of the Borneo Broadfin Shark Lamiopsis tephrodes (Fowler, 1905) (Carcharhiniformes, Carcharhinidae). In: PP Last, WT White, JJ Pogonoski (Ed.): Descriptions of new sharks and rays from Borneo. (CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper no. 32), pp. 45-60. ( Full text ; PDF; 7.6 MB)
  8. ↑ WT White, PP Last, GJP Naylor: Scoliodon macrorhynchos (Bleeker, 1858), a second species of spadenose shark from the Western Pacific (Carcharhiniformes, Carcharhinidae). In: PP Last, WT White, JJ Pogonoski (Ed.): Descriptions of new sharks and rays from Borneo. (CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper no. 32), pp. 45-60. ( Full text ; PDF; 7.6 MB)