Sandbar shark
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Sandbar shark ( Carcharhinus plumbeus ) |
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| Carcharhinus plumbeus | ||||||||||||
| ( Nardo , 1827) |
The sandbar shark ( Carcharhinus plumbeus ) is a species of the genus Carcharhinus within the Requiem sharks (Carcharhinidae). The range of the sandbar shark stretches along the coasts of various tropical and warm-temperate sea areas of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, whereby it is also regularly found in the Mediterranean Sea.
Appearance and characteristics
The sandbar shark is a relatively large and compactly built shark with an average size of 200 to 220 cm and a maximum length of about 240 cm. He has a gray-brown back color without noticeable markings and a white belly.
It has an anal fin and two dorsal fins . The first dorsal fin is comparatively large and upright, it lies behind or directly above the rear attachment of the pectoral fins. An interdorsal ridge is present. The 2nd dorsal fin is much smaller. The pectoral fins are relatively large and wide. Like all species of the genus, the animals have five gill slits and no injection hole .
Way of life
The sandbar shark is probably primarily nocturnal and lives near the coast in the area of the continental shelf as well as on island bases at depths of up to 280 m, especially in the bottom region. It often occurs in bays, estuaries or port regions, but avoids flat beaches and reef areas. The animals sometimes migrate periodically to cooler waters in summer and back to warmer areas in large schools in winter, with males often migrating earlier and deeper than females. Other populations live stationary, for example in the marine region around Hawaii.
nutrition
It predatory feeds on a wide range of different prey, especially various bony fish such as sardines , herrings , flatfish and smaller species of shark ( sharp- nosed sharks , dogfish ).
Reproduction
Like other species of the genus, it is viviparous and forms a yolk sac placenta ( placental viviparous ). The females give birth to 5 to 12 young, depending on the size of the mother. The gestation periods differ depending on the region and population , it lasts about 9 months in the Florida area and 11 to 12 months off South Africa and in the South China Sea. The young sharks have a size of about 55 to 75 centimeters and are born near the coast. The very slowly growing animals reach sexual maturity at a length of about 130 to 180 cm.
distribution
The distribution area of the sandbar shark stretches along the coasts of various tropical and warm-temperate sea areas of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans. It occurs in the western Atlantic off the coasts of the USA from southern Massachusetts to Florida , on the Bahamas , near Cuba , in the Gulf of Mexico and along the Central and South American coast via Nicaragua , Costa Rica , Venezuela to southern Brazil . On the African coast it can be found in Senegal , Zaire , South Africa , Mozambique and Tanzania . He also lives off Madagascar , in the Red Sea , around the Seychelles and Mauritius as well as in the western Pacific from China and Japan via Indonesia to Australia . This shark can also be found off the islands of Hawaii .
The sandbar shark can be found regularly throughout the Mediterranean , and its breeding grounds are mainly in the Adriatic and Ionian Seas .
Danger
The sandbar shark is classified in the IUCN's Red List of Endangered Species as a type of early warning list (Near Threatened). The main threat comes from fishing, where the sandbar shark is often targeted or caught as bycatch .
supporting documents
- ↑ de Maddalena & Bänsch 2005; Pages 201-203
- ↑ Carcharhinus plumbeus in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2008. Posted by: Shark Specialist Group, 2000. Accessed December 28, 2008 ..
literature
- Leonard Compagno , Marc Dando, Sarah Fowler: Sharks of the World. Princeton Field Guides, Princeton University Press , Princeton and Oxford 2005; Pp. 291-292. ISBN 978-0-691-12072-0
- Alessandro de Maddalena, Harald Bänsch: Sharks in the Mediterranean. Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH, Stuttgart 2005; Pages 201-203 ISBN 3-440-10458-3 .
Web links
- Species portrait on hai.ch
- Sandbar shark on Fishbase.org (English)