Cat sharks

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Cat sharks
Great spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus stellaris)

Great spotted dogfish ( Scyliorhinus stellaris )

Systematics
Subclass : Euselachii
Subclass : Plate gill (Elasmobranchii)
without rank: Sharks (selachii)
Superordinate : Galeomorphii
Order : Ground Sharks (Carcharhiniformes)
Family : Cat sharks
Scientific name
Scyliorhinidae
Gill , 1862

The cat sharks (Scyliorhinidae) are a large family of the ground sharks (Carcharhiniformes), it consists of ten genera with 70  species that occur worldwide in the cool to warm seas. They are only missing in the polar seas. They also occur in all water depths from shallow water to deep sea.

They owe their German name to large eyes , which with their elongated pupils are reminiscent of the eyes of cats and have a nictitating skin (eyes are closed with the lower eyelid). What all species have in common is that they lay eggs .

features

Cat sharks have a clearly elongated body and have two stingless dorsal fins ( fins ) and two anal fins . In contrast to all other shark families, with the exception of the Pentanchidae , a shark family that was recently split off from the cat sharks, the first dorsal fin is at the level of the pelvic fins or just behind it. The last of the five gill slits lies above the base of the pectoral fin. A spray hole is available, as is a spiral casing . Cat sharks are 21 centimeters to 1.70 meters long, depending on the species. The only morphological feature that distinguishes the cat sharks from the Pentanchidae is the supraorbital ridge, a cartilage ridge above the eyes that the Pentanchidae lack.

A number of cat sharks are strikingly colored. The coral dogfish ( Atelomycterus marmoratus ) is brown in color with darker areas and white spots. Others have dark vertical stripes, like the pajama shark ( Poroderma africanum ), or a chain-like, dark pattern on the lighter skin, like the chain cat shark ( Scyliorhinus retifer ). Many cat sharks also show biofluorescence excited by incident light , similar to bioluminescence . There are current film recordings that show biofluorescence (distributed over the whole body of a swelling shark ), detectable only with special light.

Cat sharks feed on larger invertebrates and small fish.

Systematics

Within the basic sharks (Carcharhiniformes) the cat sharks occupy a basal position as sister group of all other families. With originally well over 100 species, they were the most species-rich family of sharks. After the separation of the Pentanchidae , ten genera and around 70 species are still counted among the cat sharks:

The following cladogram shows the basal position of the cat sharks within the basic sharks.

  Carcharhiniformes   

 Cat sharks (Scyliorhinidae)


   

 False cat sharks (Proscylliidae)


   

 Pseudotriakidae


   

 Smooth sharks (Triakidae)


   

 Requiem sharks  (Carcharhinidae)




   

 Pentanchidae


Template: Klade / Maintenance / 3


Template: Klade / Maintenance / Style
Young coral dogfish
( Atelomycterus marmoratus )
Lady board shark
( Cephaloscyllium isabellum )
Small spotted dogfish ( Scyliorhinus canicula )
Chain cat shark ( Scyliorhinus retifer )
Chain cat shark eggs ( Scyliorhinus retifer ) with developing embryos

literature

  • Alfred Kaestner: Textbook of special zoology. Volume 2: Dietrich Starck: Vertebrates. Part 2: Kurt Fiedler: Fish. Gustav Fischer, Jena 1991, ISBN 3-334-00338-8 .
  • Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken NJ 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
  • Brett A. Humana, E. Patricia Owena, Leonard JV Compagnob , Eric H. Harleya: Testing morphologically based phylogenetic theories within the cartilaginous fishes with molecular data, with special reference to the catshark family (Chondrichthyes; Scyliorhinidae) and the interrelationships within them. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 39, Issue 2, May 2006, ISSN  1055-7903 , pages 384-391, doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2005.09.009 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ WoRMS taxon details Scyliorhinidae Gill, 1862
  2. ^ Catalog of Fishes: Species by Family / Subfamily
  3. ↑ a b c S. P. Iglésias, G. Lecointre & DY Sellos, 2005: Extensive paraphylies within sharks of the order Carcharhiniformes inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 34: 569-583.
  4. ↑ David F. Gruber, Ellis R. Loew, Dimitri D. Deheyn, Derya Akkaynak, Jean P. Gaffney, W. Leo Smith, Matthew P. Davis, Jennifer H. Stern, Vincent A. Pieribone, John S. Sparks: Biofluorescence in catsharks (Scyliorhinidae): Fundamental description and relevance for Elasmobranch visual ecology. In: Sci. Rep. Volume 6, 2016, p. 24751, doi : 10.1038 / srep24751 .
  5. ↑ TV report on ServusTV on May 25, 2016.
  6. ^ PR Last, H. Motomura, WT White: Cephaloscyllium albipinnum sp. nov., a new swell shark (Carcharhihiformes: Scyliorhinidae) from Southeastern Australia. In: PR Last WT White & JJ Pogonoski (Eds.): Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. In: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper. Volume 22, 2008.
  7. ^ PR Last, B. Séret, WT White: New swellsharks (Cephaloscyllium: Scyliorhinidae) from the Indo-Australian region. In: PR Last WT White & JJ Pogonoski (Eds.): Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. In: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper. Volume 22, 2008.
  8. ^ William T. White, Fahmi Fahmi and Simon Weigmann. 2019. A New Genus and Species of Catshark (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from eastern Indonesia. Zootaxa. 4691 (5); 444-460. DOI: 10.11646 / zootaxa.4691.5.2
  9. ↑ Karla DA Soares & Marcelo R. De Carvalho (2019): The catshark genus Scyliorhinus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae): taxonomy, morphology and distribution. Zootaxa , 4601 (1): 1-147. DOI: 10.11646 / zootaxa.4601.1.1
  10. ↑ Karla DA Soares, Ulisses L. Gomes & Marcelo R. De Carvalho: Taxonomic review of catsharks of the Scyliorhinus haeckelii group, with the description of a new species (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae). Zootaxa, 4066, 5, 501-534, January 2016 doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.4066.5.1

Web links

Commons : Catfish  - Collection of images, videos and audio files