Pereswet class
|
|
|---|---|
| Pereswet class | |
 Peresvet |
|
| Overview | |
| Type | Liner 2nd class |
| units | 3 |
| Shipyard |
Baltic Shipyard (2), |
| Keel laying | 1895, 1898 |
| Launch | 1898, 1900 |
| delivery | June 1901 - July 1902 |
| period of service |
1901–1905, 1916/17 Russian Navy |
| Commissioning | June 1901 Russian Navy |
| Technical specifications | |
| displacement |
12,877-13,500 t |
| length |
129.2-132.4 m |
| width |
21.8 m |
| Draft |
8-8.3 m |
| crew |
783 men |
| drive |
30 Belleville boilers |
| speed |
18 kn |
| Range |
5,600–10,000 nm at 10 kn |
| Armament |
• 4 × 254 mm L / 45 Obuchowski guns |
| Bunker quantity |
normal 1,046 t, maximum 2,056 t coal |
| Armor | |
| Armored deck |
63 mm |
| Command tower |
150 mm |
| Belt armor |
100-229 mm |
| Towers |
254 mm |
The Pereswet- class was a class of ships of the line of the Imperial Russian Navy . All three ships of the class were lost in the Russo-Japanese War . The Osljabja sank in the sea battle at Tsushima . The Pereswet and the Pobeda were sunk there during the siege of Port Arthur . Both were lifted by the Japanese after the end of the war and put back into service. The Pereswet returned to the Russian Navy in 1916 after serving as Sagami and was sunk in the Mediterranean by a German mine in 1917. The Pobeda served as Suō in the Imperial Japanese Navy until 1922 and was only scrapped in 1946.
draft
The plan of the ships was influenced by French ships and the British liner Centurion . They were a mixture between a ship of the line and an armored cruiser. They should have a long range and good seaworthiness, and with weaker armament and armor they should be able to escape normal ships of the line. At the same time, they should be artillery superior to any chasing cruiser. As a kind of forerunner of battlecruisers , they should be able to wage trade wars on their own and be considerably cheaper for a foreign mission than a normal ship of the line.
Armament
Two twin turrets with 254 mm (10 inch) guns were the main armament of the Pereswet- class. These weapons were considerably weaker than the 12-inch guns most commonly used for ships of the line. The towers were electrically powered and could also be moved manually in an emergency. The guns could be aimed at a height between −5 ° and + 35 °. Each gun had an ammunition supply of 80 shells. The middle artillery consisted of eleven 152 mm L / 45 canet guns of the Model 1891 ; eight were set up in casemates, two were on the upper deck and one gun was on the bow. For each of these guns, 220 projectiles were available. For defense against torpedo boats, twenty 75 mm L / 50 canet guns Model 1892, each with 300 rounds, were available. In addition, there were another twenty 47 mm L / 43 Hotchkiss cannons Model 1896 and six 37 mm L / 23 Hotchkiss cannons Model 1896, which could also be installed as boat guns. The ships also had five torpedo tubes, three of which were mounted above water.
Armor
The ships were protected by a mixture of Harvey and Krupp armor . The main armored belt was 95 m long and 2.55 m high and, according to the plan, was supposed to secure 1.44 m above the normal waterline. Since all ships were too heavy, the armor on the ships was under water when fully equipped. In addition, the ships had a 100 mm thick armored deck. The turret armor came from Krupp.
drive
Three triple expansion steam engines acted on three shafts. 14,500 hp should enable a speed of 18 knots, which at the time of completion slightly exceeded the performance of most modern ships of the line. The Pereswet reached 18.64 knots in the six-hour test (even 19.08 for 4 hours), the Pobeda achieved an average speed of 18.5 knots with a test output of 15,578 hp, Osljabja an average speed of 18.33 knots at 15,058 hp in the test. The steam required was produced in thirty Belville model 1894 boilers. With four dynamos, 555 kW of electricity could be produced.
Ships
-
Peresvet ( Russian Пересвет ) - named after the monk Alexander Peresvet , who at the Battle of Kulikovo was involved - was on the Baltic shipyard , Saint Petersburg built. The keel was laid on November 21, 1895, the launch on May 19, 1898 and commissioning in June 1901. As part of the Russian Pacific Squadron, it had been stationed in Port Arthur since April 1902 . She fought in the sea battle in the Yellow Sea and then returned to Port Arthur, where she was sunk at her berth during the siege.
The Japanese lifted and repaired the ship after the end of the war and started up as Sagami ( 相 模 ), named after the province of the same name .
In April 1916 it was returned to the ally Russia and reinstated under its old name Peresvet . It was supposed to become the flagship of the Russian Arctic Squadron, but sank on January 4, 1917 off the Egyptian Port Said after it hit a mine in a lock laid by the German submarine U 73 . 566 sailors died and 243 were rescued. - Osljabja ( Russian Ослябя ) - named after the monk Radion Osljabja , who also fought against the Golden Horde in the Battle of Kulikowo Pole - was also built at the New Admiralty Shipyard in Saint Petersburg. The keel was also laid on November 21, 1895, the launch on November 9, 1898 and commissioning on June 15, 1903. Her relocation to East Asia before the war had failed and she only came to East Asia with the Second Pacific Squadron. She sank in the Battle of Tsushima. 515 sailors died, 250 were rescued.
-
Pobeda ( Russian Победа ) - whose name means "victory" - was also built at the Baltic shipyard in Saint Petersburg. The keel was laid on August 1, 1898, launched on May 24, 1900 and commissioned in July 1902. As part of the Russian Pacific Squadron, it had been stationed in Port Arthur since June 1903. At the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War, she received an insignificant hit when the Japanese fleet bombarded Port Arthur. During Makarov's advance on April 13, she ran into a mine after Petropavlovsk , but was brought in. The Pobeda fought in the sea battle in the Yellow Sea and then returned to Port Arthur, where she was sunk at her berth during the siege.
The Japanese lifted and repaired the ship after the end of the war and put it back on the road as Suō ( 周 防 , outdated transcription: Suwo ), named after the province of the same name . It was decommissioned in 1922 and was not completely scrapped until 1946.
The liner Peresvet in 1901
The ship of the line Osljabja
Launching of the Pobeda
Port Arthur after the surrender in 1905.
From the left the wrecks of the ships of the line Peresvet , Poltava , Retwisan , Pobeda and the cruiser Pallada
The Pereswet aground in Port Arthur
The Pobeda and the cruiser Pallada in Port Arthur
Web links
- The Russian Battleship Peresviet in 1901 - engl. Page with photos
Footnotes
- ↑ ref Russian 10 "/ 45 (254 mm) Pattern 1891; 254 mm / 45 (10") Pattern 1891 , Updated 05 December 2006