Perotin

Page from the Alleluia nativitas

Pérotin (Perotinus), also known as "Magister Perotinus" or "Perotinus magnus" (* is between 1150 and 1165 , † 1200-1225) was master of the monastery church and cathedral Notre Dame in Paris and is considered bedeutendster composer of Notre Lady school .

Life

Since nothing has been passed on about his life, knowledge about him is based on statements by Johannes de Garlandia (around 1240) and Anonymus IV (after 1279). His works are preserved in the Magnus liber organi (Great Book of the Organa).

His musical historical achievement (at least the musicology takes this from the traditions of Anonymous IV) lies in the further development of the two-part organa of his predecessor Léonin at the cathedral of Notre-Dame to three- and four-part ( quadruplum ) organa. With the addition of a third and fourth voice, the free rhythm of Gregorian chant was no longer applicable. It was necessary to set the rhythm of the individual voices to order the overall process. For this, Pérotin used six different rhythmic models based on ancient meter measures , the so-called modal rhythm .

The Music Act of Anonymous IV

In the music treatise of Anonymus IV, who incidentally took over extensive parts from the treatise of Johannes de Garlandia sentence by sentence, it emerges that there was probably a time of Perotinus Magnus in which a very specific notation (the modal notation) was used by him and its predecessors had been used. (“ […] Et hoc ab illo tempore, quo homines incipiebant talia cognoscere, ut in tempore Perotini Magni et a tempore antecessorum suorum. ”)

It also says:

“Et nota, quod magister Leoninus, secundum quod dicebatur, fuit optimus organista, qui fecit magnum librum organi de gradali et antifonario pro servitio divino multiplicando. Et fuit in usu usque ad temporis Perotini Magni, qui abbreviavit eundem et fecit clausulas sive puncta plurima meliora, quoniam optimus discantor erat, et melior quam Leoninus erat. "

“And note that Magister Leoninus, as has been reported, was the best organist; he made the Magnus Liber der Organa for gradual and antiphonary to enrich the worship service. And this book remained in use until the time of Perotinus Magnus, who shortened it and created much better clauses and points because he was the best discantor, even better than Leoninus. "

Finally, Anonymus IV reports on the work of Perotinus Magnus, who, according to the information in the treatise, created the best quadrupla (fourfold organa) such as the Viderunt omnes and the Sederunt principes with an abundance of colores of harmonic art as well as the most beautiful tripla (threefold organa) and conductus.

literature

• Clemens Kühn : Theory of Forms in Music. 4th edition. Bärenreiter, Kassel 1994, ISBN 3-7618-4460-3 . Pp. 46-50.
• Diether de la Motte : counterpoint. A reading and work book. 5th edition. Bärenreiter, Kassel 1994, ISBN 3-7618-4371-2 , pp. 17-30.
• Heinrich Husmann : The three-part organ of the Notre Dame school. Dissertation. Berlin 1932.
• Kurt Honolka (Hrsg.): Knaurs Weltgeschichte der Musik. Droemer Knaur, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-426-03610-X , pp. 159-165.
• Rudolf Flotzinger : On Perotin and his Sederunt. In: W. Breig et al. (Ed.): Analyzes. Festschrift Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht (= Archive for Musicology . Supplement 23). Stuttgart 1984.
• Rudolf Flotzinger: From Léonin to Pérotin: the musical paradigm shift in Paris around 1210. Peter Lang, 2007, ISBN 978-3-03910-987-6 .
• Music of the Gothic Era . Booklet of the same name (CD / LP / MC) by the Early Music Consort of London under the direction of David Munrow .

Movie

• Your kiss of divine nature - The contemporary Perotin . Director: Uli Aumüller, production: inpetto filmproduktion berlin, ARTHAUS Musik 100 695

Web links

• Works by and about Pérotin in the catalog of the German National Library
• Works by and about Pérotin  in the German Digital Library
• Sheet music and audio files from Pérotin in the International Music Score Library Project