John de Garlandia

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Cover picture of the work Synónoma magistri

Johannes de Garlandia (Latin also Johannes Anglicus and Johannes Garlandius , French Jean de Garlande , English John of Garland ; * around 1195 , † after 1272 ) was an English university lecturer, poet and writer, who had a great impact in late medieval Europe with his teaching texts .

Life

Born in England, perhaps around 1195, he studied at Oxford and appeared as a teacher at Paris University before 1220 . He taught at Clos de Garlande (hence the name) and in 1229 helped found the University of Toulouse . From 1229 to 1232 Johannes taught at the college in Toulouse, but returned to Paris . Johannes probably died after 1272.

The writings of Johannes de Garlandia relate to grammatical and rhetorical subjects and are mostly written in metrical verses / hexameters . He was a connoisseur of classical literature and the author of an Ovid commentary ( Integumenta super Ovidii Metamorphosin ) and a Dictionarius (around 1220), several grammar treatises that served to defend classical grammar against the simplification that was propagated in the Doctrinal and the Grécisme .

In the Epithalamium beate Marie virginis , Johannes presents the translatio studii from the Orient via Greeks and Romans to Paris, which was common in the later Middle Ages. For the writer, Paris is the center of his life and the center of philosophy and poetry. Johannes' main work De triumphis ecclesie , completed shortly before 1252, deals with the events in connection with the crusade movement from the end of the 12th to the middle of the 13th century, including the events of the Albigensian crusade .

There is also a false identification with the alchemical author Hortulanus , commentator on the Tabula Smaragdina , based on an alchemical text collection published in Basel in 1560 under the name of Garlandius.

Works

  • Dictionarius , Commentarius , Synonyma , Equivoca , Verba deponentia , Distigium sive Cornutus as dictionaries u. Ä.
  • Compendium grammaticale on grammar
  • Parisiana Poetria , Exempla honeste vite on style and poetry
  • Integrumenta Ovidii , De mysteriis ecclesie as allegorical-symbolic writings
  • Epithalamium beate Marie virginis , Miracula beate Marie virginis ( Stella maris ) as Mary writings
    • Digitized version of Evelyn Faye Wilson's edition: The Stella Maris of John of Garland . Edited, Together With a Study of Certain Collections of Mary Legends Made in Northern France in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries, The Medieaeval Academy of America, Cambridge, Mass. 1946.
  • De triumphis ecclesie as an epic about the Crusades
  • Memorials as medical writing
  • De plana musica , De mensurabili musica on music theory
  • Poems
  • Conductus on Toulouse
  • Verba deponentalia: Komm .: Johannes Synthen Heinrich Quentell, Cologne around 1484 ( digitized version )
  • Confessionale pro scholasticis et aliis multum utile . Gotfridus de Os, Gouda around 1486 ( digitized edition )
  • Verba deponentalia  : Come: Johannes Synthen. - Deventer: Jakob von Breda, 1491. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
  • Composita verborum / Johannes de Garlandia. Come on: Johannes Synthen. - Deventer: Jakob von Breda, 1490–1491. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
  • Poeniteas cito: With the commentary "Praesens libellus tractans ... , Cologne, Johann Koelhoff the Elder, 20. XII. 1489 ( digitized version )

Lost Works

  • Assertiones fidei (around 1230)
  • Conductum de Tholosa (around 1230)
  • Georgica spiritualia (around 1230)
  • Gesta apostolica (around 1230)
  • Memorial (around 1234)

literature

  • Günter Bernt: Johannes de Garlandia , in: Lexikon des Mittelalters , Vol. 5, Sp. 577-578.
  • Paul Gerhard Schmidt : Rome from the point of view of a Paris university professor (Johannes de Garlandia) , in: Bernhard Schimmelpfennig and Ludwig Schmugge (eds.): Rome in the high Middle Ages. Studies on Rome ideas and politics from the 10th to the 12th century. Festschrift Reinhard Elze. Sigmaringen 1992, pp. 165-168.
  • Susanne Daub : Johannes de Garlandia. In: Wolfram Ax (ed.): Latin teachers in Europe. Fifteen portraits from Varro to Erasmus of Rotterdam. Böhlau, Cologne 2005, ISBN 3-412-14505-X , pp. 331–352

Web links

personal data
SURNAME John de Garlandia
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Johannes Anglicus; Jean de Garlande; John of Garland
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English university professor, poet and writer
DATE OF BIRTH around 1195
PLACE OF BIRTH England
DATE OF DEATH after 1272