Processing horizon
The cultivation horizon (also plow furrow , A horizon , A p (p stands for plow)) is the uppermost, approx. 40 cm thick, soil horizon of the cultivated soil in arable farming . This layer is usually very rich in humus and easily rootable. There are also good water conditions and oxygen . The cultivation of the soil is intended to optimize the growth conditions for the crops . The aim is to achieve an aggregate structure of crumbs that is as structurally stable as possible , which are formed by lime-clay-humus complexes of soil organisms .
The bottom of the plow is at the bottom of the cultivation horizon. Below that are the firmer horizons, for example of the parent rock. This often results in subsoil compaction with negative effects on the roots , air and water flow in the soil structure .
Therefore, the machining horizon should not be extended too deep, even with the availability of ever higher machine performance. In heavy soils, the resulting damage to the sub-floor can hardly be removed. In lighter soils, on the other hand, a deeper cultivation horizon is beneficial for soil fertility .